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Skeletal Anomalies Associated with Esophageal Atresia

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Esophageal and Gastric Disorders in Infancy and Childhood

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Abstract

Skeletal anomalies are seen in 1.6–55 % of cases of esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula, usually in the context of the VACTERL association, and may be divided into limb and spinal anomalies. The most common limb anomaly is radial defect/hypoplasia. Congenital spine anomalies may lead to scoliosis, although deformity may also result iatrogenically after thoracotomy. Life expectancy mainly depends on the degree of nonskeletal involvement. Associated skeletal anomalies are typically non-life-threatening, and treatment of such may thus be delayed until medical stabilization is performed and a better understanding of overall prognosis is obtained. For patients with minimal symptoms or limitations secondary to nonskeletal anomalies, the results of treatment of their skeletal anomalies are dependent on the degree of involvement and type of malformation and are expected to be the same as if they occurred in isolated fashion.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2450 Riverside Ave. South Suite R200, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA

    Jonathan Nubla Sembrano MD, Walter H. Truong MD, Charles Gerald Tan Ledonio, David Wayne Polly Jr. MD & David Wayne Polly Jr. MD

Authors
  1. Jonathan Nubla Sembrano MD
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  2. Walter H. Truong MD
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  3. Charles Gerald Tan Ledonio
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  4. David Wayne Polly Jr. MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan Nubla Sembrano MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Holger Till

  2. Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Gastroenterology Centre, Sheffield, United Kingdom

    Mike Thomson

  3. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    John E. Foker

  4. Department Surgery, University of Missouri, Kansas City Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA

    George W. Holcomb III

  5. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Khalid M. Khan

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Sembrano, J.N., Truong, W.H., Ledonio, C.G.T., Polly, D.W. (2017). Skeletal Anomalies Associated with Esophageal Atresia. In: Till, H., Thomson, M., Foker, J., Holcomb III, G., Khan, K. (eds) Esophageal and Gastric Disorders in Infancy and Childhood. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11202-7_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11202-7_11

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-11202-7

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