Abstract
We investigate loading consequences on the time-variable GPS station positions of one hundred stations around the world during the 2001–2006 time period. We model the three dimensional site displacements using a Love number formalism to describe the elastic deformation of a spherical Earth model submitted to atmospheric, oceanic and hydrological loadings.
We produce site position time series using the GPS analysis software GAMIT/GLOBK with or without inserting a combination of loading models and study their impact on 3D site positions. First of all, we compare the variability of modeled and observed site positions without integrating loading. We secondly study the variability reduction in the GPS site positions provided by the loading when integrating it in the GAMIT Software as an a priori contribution to the station motion model.
We conclude that the seasonal variability of site vertical displacement is quite well explained by our model at several locations, mainly located at mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere, while it is much less understood near coastal areas.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Biancale, R., G. Balmino, J.-M. Lemoine, J.-C. Marty, B. Moynot, F. Barlier., P. Exertier, O. Laurain, P. Gegout, P. Schwintzer, Ch. Reigber, A. Bode, Th. Gruber, R. König, F.-H. Massmann, J.C. Raimondo, R. Schmidt, and S.Y. Zhu. (2000). A new global Earth's gravity field model from satellite orbit perturbations: GRIM5-S1. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3611–3614.
Biancale R., J.-M. Lemoine, G. Balmino, S. Loyer, S. Bruinsma, F. Perosanz, J.-C. Marty, and P. Gegout (2005). 3 years of decadal geoid variations from GRACE and LAGEOS data, CNES/GRGS product, December.
Boehm J., B. Werl, and H. Schuh (2006). Troposphere mapping func-tions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts operational analysis data. J. Geophys. Res., 111, B02406, doi:10.1029/2005JB003629.
Boy, J.-P., P. Gegout, and J. Hinderer (2002). Reduction of surface gravity data from global atmospheric pressure loading. Geophys. J. Int., 149, 534–545.
Boy, J.-P. and J. Hinderer (2006). Study of the seasonal gravity signal in superconducting gravimeter data. J. Geodyn, 41, 227–233.
Boy, J.-P. and F. Lyard (2008). High-Frequency non-tidal ocean loading effects on surface gravity measurements. Geophys. J. Int., 175, 35–45.
Carrère, L. and F. Lyard (2003). Modeling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing – comparisons with observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(6), 1275, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016473.
Gegout P. and Cazenave A. (1991). Geodynamics parameters derived from 7 years of laser data on Lageos. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1739–1742.
Gross, R.S., I. Fukumori, D. Menemenlis, and P. Gegout (2004). Atmospheric and oceanic excitation of length-of-day variations during 1980–2000. J. Geophys. Res., 109, B01406, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002432.
Herring, T.A. (2008). GLOBK: Global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS Analysis Program version 10.33. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge.
King, R. W. and Bock, Y. (2008). Documentation for the GAMIT analysis software, release 10.33. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge.
Petrov, L. and Boy, J.-P. (2004). Study of the atmospheric pressure loading signal in VLBI observations. J. Geophys. Res., 109, B03405, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002500.
Ray J., Z. Altamimi, X. Collilieux, T. van Dam (2008). Anomalous harmonics in the spectra of GPS position estimates. GPS Solut. 12, 55–64, DOI 10.1007/s10291-007-0067-7.
Rodell, M., P.R. Houser, U. Jambor, J. Gottschalck, K. Mitchell, C.-J. Meng, K. Arsenault, B. Cosgrove, J. Radakovich, M. Bosilovich, J.K. Entin, J.P. Walker, D. Lohmann, and D. Toll (2004). The global land data assimilation system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85(3), 381–394.
Tregoning, P. and T.M. van Dam (2005). Atmospheric pressure loading corrections applied to GPS data at the observation level. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22310, doi:10.1029/2005GL024104.
van Dam, T., H.-P. Plag, O. Francis, and P. Gegout. (2003). GGFC Special Bureau for Loading: Current status and Plans, in Proceedings of the IERS Workshop on Combination Research and Global Geophysical Fluids, Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich, Germany, 18–21 November 2002, IERS Tech. Note 30, edited by B. Richter, W. Schwegmann, and W. R. Dick, pp. 180–198, Int. Earth Rotation Serv., Paris.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Matthew Rodell and Florent Lyard for providing their insights and datasets. We thank IGS, ECMWF, NCEP for providing data and products, and GAMITeers, T. Herring, R. King and P. Tregoning, for continuously improving and implementing new methods inside GAMIT/GLOBK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gegout, P., Boy, J.P., Hinderer, J., Ferhat, G. (2010). Modeling and Observation of Loading Contribution to Time-Variable GPS Sites Positions. In: Mertikas, S. (eds) Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, vol 135. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_86
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_86
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10633-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10634-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)