Skip to main content

Semiconductors Studied by Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2

Part of the book series: NanoScience and Technology ((NANO))

Abstract

Scanning tunnelingmicroscopy (STM) has been extremely successful due to the fact that it allowed visualizing atomic scale details of a clean surface layer in real space.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. F.F. Abraham, D. Brodbeck, R.A. Rafey, W.E. Rudge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(2), 272 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. O. Albrektsen, D.J. Arend, H.P. Meier, H.W.M. Salemink, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 31 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.L.A. Alves, Solid State Commun. 87(11), 1001 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. An, M. Yoshimura, I. Ono, K. Ueda, Phys. Rev. B. 61(4) 3006 (2000)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, E. Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 120 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  6. F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. Bertelli, P. Löptien, M. Wenderoth, A. Rizzi, R.G. Ulbrich, M.C. Righi, A. Ferretti, L. Martin-Samos, C.M. Bertoni, A. Catellani, Phys. Rev. B 80, 115324 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N.N. Ledentsov, Quantum Dot Heterostructures (Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  9. J.H. Blokland, M. Bozkurt, J.M. Ulloa, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, P.M. Koenraad, P.C.M. Christianen, J.C. Maan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 023107 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. D.M. Bruls, P.M. Koenraad, M. Hopkinson, J.H. Wolter, H.W.M. Salemink, Appl. Surf. Sci. 190, 258 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D.M. Bruls, J.W.A.M. Vugs, P.M. Koenraad, H.W.M. Salemink, J.H. Wolter, M. Hopkinson, M.S. Skolnick, F. Long, S.P.A. Gill, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1708 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. D.M. Bruls, P.M. Koenraad, H.W.M. Salemink, J.H. Wolter, M. Hopkinson, M.S. Skolnick, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3758 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Çelebi, J.M. Ulloa, P.M. Koenraad, A. Simon, A. Letoublon, N. Bertru, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 023119 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. C. Celebi, J.K. Garleff, A. Yu. Silov, A.M. Yakunin, P.M. Koenraad, W. Van Roy, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatté, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 086404 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. J.R. Chelikowsky, M.L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B. 20, 4150 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.J. Chen, Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. Costantini, A. Rastelli, C. Manzano, P. Acosta-Diaz, G. Katsaros, R. Songmuang, O. Schmidt, H.v. Kanel, K. Kern, J. Cryst. Growth 278, 38 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Cramer, A. Wanner, P. Gumbsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(4) 788 (2000)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J.H. Davies, D.M. Bruls, J.W.A.M. Vugs, P.M. Koenraad, J. Appl. Phys 91, 4171 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. T. Dietl, F. Matsukura, H. Ohno, Phys. Rev. B 66, 033203 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. Dingle, W. Wiegmann, C.H. Henry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 827 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. D.J. Eaglesham, M. Cerullo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1943 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Ebert, B. Engels, P. Richard, K. Schroeder, S. Blügel, C. Domke, M. Heinrich, K. Urban, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 2997 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ph. Ebert, Surf. Sci. Rep. 33, 121–303 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K.W. Edmonds, N.R.S. Farley, T.K. Johal, G. van der Laan, R.P. Campion, B.L. Gallagher, C.T. Foxon, Phys. Rev. B 71, 064418 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Eisele, O. Flebbe, T. Kalka, C. Preinesberger, F. Heinrichsdorff, A. Krost, D. Bimberg, M. Dähne-Prietsch, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 106 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Fafard, K. Hinzer, S. Raymond, M. Dion, J. McCaffrey, Y. Feng, S. Charbonneau, Science 274, 1350 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. R.M. Feenstra, A.P. Fein, IBM J. Res. Dev. 30, 466 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R.M. Feenstra, J.A. Stroscio, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 5, 923 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R.M. Feenstra, Surf. Sci. 243, 151–165 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R.M. Feenstra, Phys. Rev. B. 44, 13791 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R.M. Feenstra, J.M. Woodall, G.D. Pettit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1176 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. R.M. Feenstra, Phys. Rev. B. 60, 4478 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R.M. Feenstra, Physica B 273, 796 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  35. R.M. Feenstra, G. Meyer, F. Moresco, K.H. Rieder, Phys. Rev. B 66, 165204 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  36. J.E. Fields, Cont. Phys. 12(1), 1–31 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. Fineberg, S.P. Gross, M. Marder, H.L. Swinney, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 457 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L.B. Freund, Dynamic Fracture Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  39. P.W. Fry, I.E. Itskevich, D.J. Mowbray, M.S. Skolnick, J.J. Finley, J.A. Barker, E.P. O’Reilly, L.R. Wilson, I.A. Larkin, P.A. Maksym, M. Hopkinson, M. Al-Khafaji, J.P.R. David, A.G. Cullis, G. Hill, J.C. Clark, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 733 (2000)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J.K. Garleff, Master Thesis, University of Göttingen, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  41. J.K. Garleff, M. Wenderoth, K. Sauthoff, R.G. Ulbrich, M. Rohlfing, Phys. Rev. B 70 245424 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  42. J.K. Garleff, M. Wenderoth, R.G. Ulbrich, C. Sürgers, H.v. Löhneysen, Phys. Rev. B 72 073406 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  43. J.K. Garleff, M. Wenderoth, R.G. Ulbrich C. Sürgers, H.v. Löhneysen, M. Rohlfing, Phys. Rev. B. 76, 125322 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  44. J.K. Garleff, C. Celebi, W. Van Roy, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatte, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. B. 78, 075313 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  45. J.K. Garleff, A.P. Wijnheijmer, A. Yu. Silov, J. van Bree, W. Van Roy, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatté, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. B 82, 035303 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. Gomyo, T. Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, S. Kawata, I. Hino, T. Yuasa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 673 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Q. Gong, P. Offermans, R. Nötzel, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5697 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. S.P. Gross, J. Fineberg, M. Marder, W.D. McCormick, H.L. Swinney, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(19) 3162 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  49. P. Gumbsch, S.J. Zhou, B.L. Holian, Phys. Rev. B 55(6), 3445 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. V. Haxha, I. Drouzas, J.M. Ulloa, M. Bozkurt, P.M. Koenraad, D.J. Mowbray, H.Y. Liu, M.J. Steer, M. Hopkinson, M.A. Migliorato, Phys. Rev. B 80, 165334 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  51. A.J. Heinrich, M. Wenderoth, M.A. Rosentreter, K. Engel, M.A. Schneider, R.G. Ulbrich, E.R. Weber, K. Uchida, Appl. Phys. A 66, 959 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  52. F. Heinrichsdorff, M.-H. Mao, N. Kirstaedter, A. Krost, D. Bimberg, A.O. Kosogov, P. Werner, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 22 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. M.B. Johnson, O. Albrektsen, R.M. Feenstra, H.W.M. Salemink, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2923 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Kagel, Master Thesis, University of Göttingen, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  55. J.G. Keizer, J. Bocquel, P.M. Koenraad, T. Mano, T. Noda, K. Sakoda, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 062101 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  56. J.R. Kermode, T. Albaret, D. Sherman, N. Bernstein, P. Gumbsch, M.C. Payne, G. Csanyi, A. De Vita, Nature 455, 1224 (2008)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. N. Kitamura, B.S. Swartzentruber, M.G. Lagally, M.B. Webb, Phys. Rev. B, 48(8) 5704 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  58. D. Kitchen, A. Richardella, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatté, A. Yazdani, Nature (London) 442, 436 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  59. R. de Kort, W. Kets, H. van Kempen, Surf. Sci. 482–485, 495–500 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  60. T.S. Kuan, T.F. Kuech, W.I. Wang, E.L. Wilkie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 201 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. A. Lenz, R. Timm, H. Eisele, C. Hennig, S.K. Becker, R.L. Sellin, U.W. Pohl, D. Bimberg, M. Dhne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 5150 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. B. Lita, R.S. Goldman, J.D. Phillips, P.K. Bhattarchaya, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2797 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. N. Liu, J. Tersoff, O. Baklenov, A.L. holmes Jr., C.K. Shih, Phys. Rev. Lett, 84, 334 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  64. H.v. Löhneysen, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 356, 139 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  65. S. Loth, M. Wenderoth, R.G. Ulbrich, S. Malzer, G.H. Döhler, Phys. Rev. B 76, 235318 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  66. S. Loth, M. Wenderoth, L. Winking, R.G. Ulbrich, S. Malzer, G.H. Döhler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 066403 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. M.A. Lutz, R.M. Feenstra, J.O. Chu, Surf. Sci. 328, 215 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. O. Madelung, Semiconductors – Basic Data, 3rd edn. (Springer, New York, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  69. G. Mahieu, B. Grandidier, D. Deresmes, J.P. Nys, D. Stiévenard, Ph. Ebert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 026407 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. H. Mani, A. Joullie, F. Karouta, C. Schiller, J. Appl. Phys. 59, 2728 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. M. Marder, X. Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (15) 2417 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  72. F. Marczinowski, J. Wiebe, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatté, F. Meier, M. Morgenstern, R. Wiesendanger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 157202 (2007)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W.V. Schoenfeld, P.M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, A. Imamogùlu1, Science 290, 2282 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  74. M.A. Migliorato, A.G. Cullis, M. Fearn, J.H. Jefferson, Phys. Rev. B 65, 115316 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  75. V. Mlinar, M. Bozkurt, J.M. Ulloa, M. Ediger, G. Bester, A. Badolato, P.M. Koenraad, R.J. Warburton, A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 80, 165425 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  76. P. Offermans, P. Koenraad, J. Wolter, K. Pierz, M. Roy, P. Maksym, Physica E 26, 236 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. P. Offermans, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, K. Pierz, M. Roy, P.A. Maksym, Phys. Rev. B 72, 165332 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  78. P. Offermans, P.M. Koenraad, R. Nötzel, J.H. Wolter, K. Pierz, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 111903 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  79. P. Offermans, PhD Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology 2005

    Google Scholar 

  80. W.E. Packard, J.D. Dow, Phys. Rev. B 55(23) 15643 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  81. K.C. Pandey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47(26) 1913 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. M. Pfister, M.B. Johnson, S.F. Alvarado, H.W.M. Salemink, U. Marti, D. Martin, F. Morier-Genoud, F.K. Reinhart, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1459 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. G.J. de Raad, D.M. Bruls, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, Phys. Rev. B 64, 075314 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  84. G.J. de Raad, D.M. Bruls, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, Phys. Rev. B 66, 195306 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. Richardella, P. Roushan, S. Mack, B. Zhou, D.A. Huse, D.D. Awschalom, A. Yazdani, Science 327, 665 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. M.A. Rosentreter, M. Wenderoth, N.H. Theuerkauf, A.J. Heinrich, M.A. Schneider, R.G. Ulbrich, Europhys. Lett. 38(9) 675–680 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. M.A. Rosentreter, M. Wenderoth, N.H. Theuerkrauf, A.J. Heinrich, M.A. Schneider, R.G. Ulbrich, Phys. Rev. B, 56(16) 10538 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  88. M.A. Rosentreter, PhD Thesis, University of Göttingen, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  89. K. Sauthoff M. Wenderoth, A.J. Heinrich, M.A. Rosentreter, K.J. Engel, T.C.G. Reusch, R.G. Ulbrich, Phys. Rev. B 60, 4789 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. Schoeck, C. Sürgers, H.v. Löhneysen, Phys. Rev. B 61, 7622 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  91. E. Sharon, S.P. Gross, J. Fineberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(25) 5096 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. E. Sharon, J. Fineberg, Nature 397, 333 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. M.S. Skolnick, D.J. Mowbray, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 34, 181 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. J. Stangl, V. Holý, G. Bauer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 725 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. A.D. Stiff, S. Krishna, P. Bhattacharya, S.P. Kennerly, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 421 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A.A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmüller, F. Bechstedt, Phys. Rev. B 65, 115318 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  97. T.O. Strandberg, C.M. Canali, A.H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. B 80, 024425 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  98. G.B. Stringfellow, G.S. Chen, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 9, 2182 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. N. Tansu, L.J. Mawst, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 444 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  100. K. Teichmann, M. Wenderoth, S. Loth, R.G. Ulbrich, J.K. Garleff, A.P. Wijnheijmer, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 076103 (2008)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. T. Trappmann, et. al., Europhys. Lett. 38, 177 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  102. W.T. Tsang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 217 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. J.M. Ulloa, I.W.D. Drouzas, P.M. Koenraad, D.J. Mowbray, M.J. Steer, H.Y. Liu, M. Hopkinson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 213105 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  104. J.M. Ulloa, C. Celebi, P.M. Koenraad, A. Simon, E. Gapihan, A. Letoublon, N. Bertru, I. Drouzas, D.J. Mowbray, M.J. Steer, M. Hopkinson, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 081707 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  105. J.M. Ulloa, P.M. Koenraad, M. Bonnet-Eymard, A. Létoublon, N. Bertru, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 074309 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  106. J.M. Ulloa, R. Gargallo-Caballero, M. Bozkurt, M. del Moral, P.M. Koenraad, A. Guzmán, A. Hierro, Phys. Rev. B 81, 165305 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  107. M. Vershinin, S. Misra, S. Ono, Y. Abe, Y. Ando, A. Yazdani, Science 303 1995 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. S.Y. Wang, S.D. Lin, H.W. Wu, C.P. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1023 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. S.-H. Wei, D.B. Laks, A. Zunger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1937 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. M.C.M.M. van der Wielen, A.J.A. van Roij, H. van Kempen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1075 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  111. A. Wierts, J.M. Ulloa, C. Çelebi, P.M. Koenraad, H. Boukari, L. Maingault, R. André, H. Mariette, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 161907 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  112. A.P. Wijnheijmer, J.K. Garleff, P.M. Koenraad, K. Teichmann, M. Wenderoth, S. Loth, R.G. Ulbrich, P.A. Maksym, M. Roy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 166101 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. L. Winking, M. Wenderoth, T.C.G. Reusch, R.G. Ulbrich, P.-J. Wilbrandt, R. Kirchheim, S. Malzer, G. Döhler, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 23, 267 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. O. Wolst, M. Kahl, M. Schardt, S. Malzer, G.H. Döhler, Physica E 17, 554 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. A.M. Yakunin, A. Yu. Silov, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, W. Van Roy, J. De Boeck, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatté, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 216806 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. A.M. Yakunin, A. Yu. Silov, P.M. Koenraad, J.-M. Tang, M.E. Flatté, J.-L. Primus, W. Van Roy, J. De Boeck, A.M. Monakhov, K.S. Romanov, I.E. Panaiotti, N.S. Averkiev, Nat. Mater. 6, 512 (2007)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Y. Yamamoto, Surf. Sci. 313, 155 (1994)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. K. Yano, T. Ishii, T. Hashimoto, T. Kobayashi, F. Murai, K. Seki, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 41, 1628 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  119. I. Yonenaga, Philos. Mag. Lett. 82(10), 535(2002)

    Google Scholar 

  120. J.F. Zheng, M.B. Salmeron, E.R. Weber, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1836 (1994)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. J.F. Zheng, X. Liu, N. Newman, E.R. Weber, D.F. Ogletree, M. Salmeron, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1490 (1994)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Zhiliang Yuan, B.E. Kardynal, R.M. Stevenson, A.J. Shields, Ch.J. Lobo, K. Cooper, N.S. Beattie, D.A. Ritchie, M. Pepper, Science 295, 102 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  123. J.P. van der Ziel, R. Dingle, R.C. Miller, W. Wiegmann, W.A. Nordland Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 463 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. K. Garleff .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Garleff, J.K., Ulloa, J.M., Koenraad, P.M. (2011). Semiconductors Studied by Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics