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Potassium and Potassium-Permeable Channels in Plant Salt Tolerance

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Ion Channels and Plant Stress Responses

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM))

Abstract

Salinity causes billion dollar losses in crop production around the globe and has also a significant social impact on rural communities. To breed salt tolerant crops, a better understanding of mechanisms mediating plant adaptive responses to salinity is needed. Over the last years, evidence has been accumulated suggesting that plants’ ability to maintain a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio appears to be critical to plant salt tolerance. This paper reviews molecular and ionic mechanisms contributing to potassium homeostasis in salinized plant tissues and discuss prospects for breeding for salt tolerance by targeting this trait. We show that K+ channels are instrumental to nearly all aspects of salinity stress signaling and tolerance, and the plant’s ability to control intracellular K+ homeostasis is arguably the most important feature of salt-tolerant species. The molecular identity of key genes, mediating plant adaptive responses to salinity, is analyzed, and the modes of their control are discussed. It is suggested that the major focus of plant physiologists and breeders should be on revealing the specificity of K+ channel regulation under saline conditions and a “fine tuning” of all mechanisms involved in the regulation of K+ homeostasis in plants, including both plasma- and endomembrane channels and transporters.

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Abbreviations

CAX:

Cation/H+ antiporter

CBL:

Calcineurin B-like proteins

CHX:

Chloroplast envelope K+/H+ exchanger

CNGC:

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel

CIPK:

CBL-interacting protein kinases

FACC:

Fast activating cation channel

FV:

Fast vacuolar channel

GLR:

Glutamate receptor

KIR:

Inward-rectifying K+ channel

KOR:

Outward-rectifying K+ channel

KUP/HAK/KT:

H+/K+ symporter

NHX:

Vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger

NSCC:

Non-selective cation channel

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PM:

Plasma membrane

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SV:

Slow vacuolar channel

TEA:

Tetraethylammonium chloride

TPK/KCO:

Two-pore K+ channel

Trk/HKT:

Na+/K+ symporter

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the ARC and GRDC grants to S. Shabala.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Sergey Shabala

  2. Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CUIB), Universidad de Colima, Colima, México

    Igor I. Pottosin

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  1. Sergey Shabala
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  2. Igor I. Pottosin
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Correspondence to Sergey Shabala .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom

    Vadim Demidchik

  2. University of York, Biology Department/Area 9, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom

    Frans Maathuis

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Shabala, S., Pottosin, I.I. (2010). Potassium and Potassium-Permeable Channels in Plant Salt Tolerance. In: Demidchik, V., Maathuis, F. (eds) Ion Channels and Plant Stress Responses. Signaling and Communication in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10494-7_5

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