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In Situ Measurements on Suspended Nanoparticles with Visible Laser Light, Infrared Light, and X-Rays

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Nanoparticles in the Water Cycle

Abstract

The presence of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the water cycle is a subject of discussion among toxicologists, producers of nanomaterials, environmentalists, and politicians. At this stage the influence of ENPs on the environment is still minimal and there is also hardly any experience with measuring such artificial nanoparticles within the complex matrices of environmental samples. However, there is experience with measuring natural nanoparticles in environmental waters. An overview is given on measuring methods with the focus on in situ methods. They are aimed at studying particle size, particle size distribution, electric charge, or binding type of environmental contaminants on the nanoparticles. Examples of use are given for methods such as photon correlation spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown detection, laser Doppler velocimetry, time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. The examples show the general strategies of such measurements, indicate typical problems and difficulties and demonstrate how such difficulties can be overcome.

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  1. Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314, Dresden, Germany

    Harald Zänker

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  1. Harald Zänker
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Correspondence to Harald Zänker .

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  1. Engler-Bunte-Institut, Bereich Wasserchemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany

    Fritz H. Frimmel

  2. Inst f Wasserchemie u Chem Balneologie, TU MĂĽnchen, Marchioninistr. 17, MĂĽnchen, 81337, Germany

    R. Niessner

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Zänker, H. (2010). In Situ Measurements on Suspended Nanoparticles with Visible Laser Light, Infrared Light, and X-Rays. In: Frimmel, F., Niessner, R. (eds) Nanoparticles in the Water Cycle. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10318-6_8

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