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Oxygen Deprivation, Metabolic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress

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Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss the metabolic changes relevant for the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in plant tissues during oxygen deprivation. It is notable too, that at times the oxidative damage does not take place during the oxygen deficiency period but only after the restoration of normal oxygen supply to the tissues. This is mainly due to the fact that ROS may be formed immediately after oxygen re-enters the tissues. The level of oxygen in the tissues naturally depends on the outside concentration and diffusion rate but is also under metabolic control. Two hypotheses on the regulation of internal O2 concentration in the cells through the control of respiration rely on a regulation of glycolytic pathway and pyruvate availability and mitochondrial electron transport chain by NO and ROS balance. Both adaptive strategies aim to decrease the respiratory capacity and to postpone complete anoxia. This chapter also describes the interaction of the many antioxidants found in plant tissues and oxidative stress and oxidative damage caused by waterlogging and oxygen deprivation. If the antioxidative protection is still capable of detoxifying the ROS formed, damage is minimal, but if not, then considerable damage can take place very suddenly. Many of the ROS and RNS species act as signalling agents acting in the regulation of metabolic events leading to tolerance or, e.g. in the case of aerenchyma development, into programmed cell death. The balance between O2 transport to hypoxic tissues, regulatory adaptations, anoxic metabolites, ROS–RNS chemistry and signalling, determines the survival of plants under waterlogging and oxygen deprivation.

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Abbreviations

ADH:

Alcohol dehydrogenase

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

COX:

Cytochrome oxidase

ETC:

Electron transport chain

FFA:

Free fatty acids

LP:

Lipid peroxidation

NO:

Nitric oxide

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

O −•2 :

Superoxide anion

ONOO− :

Peroxynitrite

PFK-PPi:

PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase

PLD:

Phospholipase D

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

PPDK:

Pyruvate phosphate dikinase

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

UCP:

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein

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  1. Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Olga Blokhina & Kurt V. Fagerstedt

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  1. Olga Blokhina
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  1. Dipto. Ortoflorofrutticoltura, Università Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy

    Stefano Mancuso

  2. School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Sergey Shabala

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Blokhina, O., Fagerstedt, K.V. (2010). Oxygen Deprivation, Metabolic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress. In: Mancuso, S., Shabala, S. (eds) Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10305-6_7

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