Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

What Are the Significant Cost Drivers for COSMIC Functional Size Based Effort Estimation?

  • Conference paper
Book cover Software Process and Product Measurement (IWSM 2009)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 5891))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

This paper investigates the nature of the relationship between software product size measured by Common Software Measurement International Consortium (COSMIC) Function Points and the development effort. We investigated which of the numerical and categorical cost drivers explain the variation in the development effort by performing step wise Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) and Linear Regression Analysis. For the statistical analyses, we utilized the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) Dataset Release 10. In this paper, we discuss the results we obtained and the significance of the results for the software organizations who would like to improve their effort estimation processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Standish Group, The Standish Group CHAOS Report (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. ISBSG, Software Project Estimates - How accurate are they? The International Software Benchmarking Standards Group Subscriber. Newsletter 4(1) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Albrecht, A.J.: Measuring application development productivity. In: Proceedings of the IBM Applications Development Symposium, Monterey, California, pp. 83–92 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gencel, C., Demirors, O.: Functional Size Measurement Revisited. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 17(3), 71–106 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. ISO/IEC 14143-1: Information Technology – Software Measurement – Functional Size Measurement – Part 1: Definition of Concepts (1998) (updated 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. ISO/IEC 19761:2003, Software Engineering – COSMIC-FFP: A Functional Size Measurement Method, International Organization for Standardization (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. ISO/IEC 20926:2003, Software Engineering-IFPUG 4.1 Unadjusted Functional Size Measurement Method - Counting Practices Manual, International Organization for Standardization (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  8. ISO/IEC 20968:2002, Software Engineering – MK II Function Point Analysis – Counting Practices Manual, International Organization for Standardization (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. ISO/IEC 24570:2005, Software Engineering – NESMA functional size measurement method version 2.1 – Definitions and counting guidelines for the application of Function Point Analysis, International Organization for Standardization (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  10. ISO/IEC 29881:2008, Software Engineering – FiSMA functional size measurement method version 1.1, International Organization for Standardization (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  11. International Software Benchmarking Standards Group Dataset 10 (2007), http://www.isbsg.org/

  12. Jørgensen, M., Shepperd, M.: A Systematic Review of Software Development Cost Estimation Studies. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 33(1), 33–53 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Leung, H., Fan, Z.: Software Cost Estimation, Handbook of Software Engineering. Hong Kong Polytechnic University (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boehm, B.W., Horowitz, E., Madachy, R., Reifer, D., Bradford, K.C., Steece, B., Brown, A.W., Chulani, S., Abts, C.: Software Cost Estimation with COCOMO II. Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Putnam, L.H.: A general empirical solution to the macro software sizing and estimating problem. IEEE Trans. Soft. Eng., 345–361 (July 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tausworthe, R.: Deep Space Network Software Cost Estimation Model, pp. 39–57. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Park, R.E.: PRICE S: The calculation within and why. In: Proceedings of ISPA Tenth Annual Conference, Brighton, England (July 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Abran, A., Ndiaye, I., Bourque, P.: Contribution of Software Size in Effort Estimation. Research Lab. In: Software Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Canada (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Briand, L.C., El Emam, K., Maxwell, K., Surmann, D., Wieczorek, I.: An Assessment and Comparison of Common Software Cost Estimation Models. In: Proc. of the 21st Intern. Conference on Software Eng., ICSE 1999, Los Angeles, CA, USA, pp. 313–322 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Briand, L.C., Langley, T., Wieczorek, I.: A Replicated Assessment and Comparison of Software Cost Modeling Techniques. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Intern. Conf. on Software engineering, ICSE 2000, Limerick, Ireland, pp. 377–386 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jeffery, R., Ruhe, M., Wieczorek, I.: A Comparative Study of Two Software Development Cost Modeling Techniques using Multi-organizational and Company-specific Data. Information and Software Technology 42, 1009–1016 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen, Z., Menzies, T., Port, D., Boehm, B.: Finding the Right Data for Software Cost Modeling. IEEE Software 22(6), 38–46 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Premraj, R., Shepperd, M., Kitchenham, B., Forselius, P.: An Empirical Analysis of Software Productivity over Time. In: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE international Software Metrics Symposium, METRICS, p. 37. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Angelis, L., Stamelos, I., Morisio, M.: Building A Software Cost Estimation Model Based On Categorical Data. In: Proceedings of the 7th international Symposium on Software Metrics, METRICS, p. 4. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lokan, C., Wright, T., Hill, P.R., Stringer, M.: Organizational Benchmarking Using the ISBSG Data Repository. IEEE Software 18(5), 26–32 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Maxwell, K.D., Forselius, P.: Benchmarking Software-Development Productivity. IEEE Software 17(1), 80–88 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gencel, C., Buglione, L.: Do Different Functionality Types Affect the Relationship between Software Functional Size and Effort? In: Cuadrado-Gallego, J.J., et al. (eds.) MENSURA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4895, pp. 72–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Buglione, L., Gencel, C.: Impact of Base Functional Component Types on Software Functional Size Based Effort Estimation. In: Jedlitschka, A., Salo, O. (eds.) PROFES 2008. LNCS, vol. 5089, pp. 75–89. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Bajwa, S.S.: Investigating the Nature of Relationship between Software Size and Development Effort. MCS-2008-45, School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fenton, N.E., Pfleeger, S.L.: Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, 2nd Revised edn. PWS Publishing, Boston (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Pedhazur, E.J.: Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research: Explanation and Prediction, 3rd edn. Harcourt Brace College Publishers (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kachigan, S.K.: Statistical Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Introduction to Univariate and Multivariate Methods. Radius Press (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Maxwell, K.D.: Applied Statistics for Software Managers. Prentice Hall PTR, Englewood Cliffs (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences 17.0, http://www.spss.com

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

    Sohaib Shahid Bajwa

  2. Department of Systems and Software Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden

    Cigdem Gencel

Authors
  1. Sohaib Shahid Bajwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cigdem Gencel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. École de technologie supérieure, Département de génie logiciel et des TI, Université du Québec, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, H3C 1K3, Montréal, Québec, Canada

    Alain Abran

  2. Quality Management and Methods, Processes DCC/QMP, Bosch Rexroth Electric Drives and Controls GmbH, Bürgermeister-Dr.-Nebel Str. 2, 97816, Lohr am Main, Germany

    René Braungarten

  3. Fakultät für Informatik, Institut für Verteilte Systeme, AG Softwaretechnik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany

    Reiner R. Dumke

  4. Edificio Politécnico, Universidad de Alcalá, O24. Autovía A2, Km. 31,7, 28805, Alcalá de Henares,Madrid, Spainn

    Juan J. Cuadrado-Gallego

  5. School of Media and Communication, University of Applied Science HvA, Weesperzijde 190, 1097, Amsterdam, DZ, The Netherlands

    Jacob Brunekreef

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Bajwa, S.S., Gencel, C. (2009). What Are the Significant Cost Drivers for COSMIC Functional Size Based Effort Estimation?. In: Abran, A., Braungarten, R., Dumke, R.R., Cuadrado-Gallego, J.J., Brunekreef, J. (eds) Software Process and Product Measurement. IWSM 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5891. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05415-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05415-0_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05414-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-05415-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation