Abstract
For a system external agents act as a main source of free energy, on one hand, and also as agents that control the processes, on the other hand. For example, when one drives a car, the car (system) needs two kinds of external agents; fuels (oil and oxygen) and a driver. From the viewpoint of energetics, the work for controlling the processes of a macroscopic system is usually negligible as compared with the main work, such as the combustion of fuel to keep a car going. It is, therefore, reasonable that standard textbooks of thermodynamics describe the Carnot heat engine without mentioning the work of attaching or detaching the engine with the heat baths.
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Sekimoto, K. (2010). Control and Energetics. In: Stochastic Energetics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 799. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05411-2_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05411-2_7
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