Abstract
Paging is an important mechanism for network bandwidth efficiency and mobile terminal battery life. It has been widely adopted by mobile networks, such as cellular networks, WiMax, and Mobile IP. Due to certain mechanisms for achieving paging efficiency and the convergence of wireless voice and data networks, the paging channel is vulnerable to inexpensive DoS attacks. To mitigate these attacks, we propose to leverage the knowledge of the user population size, the slotted nature of the paging operation, and the quick paging mechanism to reduce the length of terminal identifiers. In the case of a CDMA2000 system, we can reduce each identifier from 34 bits down to 7 bits, effectively doubling the paging channel capacity. Moreover, our scheme incurs no paging latency, missed pages, or false pages. Using a simulator and data collected from a commercial cellular network, we demonstrate that our scheme doubles the cost for DoS attackers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification, 3GPP TS24008 (December 2008)
Upper layer (layer 3) signaling standard for cdma2000 spread spectrum systems, 3GPP2 C.S0005-D (September 2005)
Air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access systems. IEEE Std 802.16eTM-2005 (February 2006)
Haverinen, H., Malinen, J.: Mobile ip regional paging (June 2000), http://draft-haverinen-mobileip-reg-paging-00.txt
Serror, J., Zang, H., Bolot, J.C.: Impact of paging channel overloads or attacks on a cellular network. In: WiSe 2006: Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Wireless security, pp. 75–84. ACM, New York (2006)
Enck, W., Traynor, P., McDaniel, P., Porta, T.L.: Exploiting open functionality in sms-capable cellular networks. In: CCS 2005: Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, pp. 393–404. ACM, New York (2005)
Zang, H., Bolot, J.C.: Mining call and mobility data to improve paging efficiency in cellular networks. In: MobiCom 2007: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 123–134. ACM, New York (2007)
Signaling link access control (lac) standard for cdma1998 spread spectrum systems, 3GPP2 C.S0004-D (September 2005)
Mohanty, S., Venkatachalam, M., Yang, X.: A novel algorithm for efficient paging in mobile wimax. In: Mobile WiMAX Symposium, March 2007, pp. 48–53. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2007)
Roh, H.S., Lee, S.h.: Paging scheme for high-speed portable internet (hpi) system. In: Advanced Communication Technology, 2006. ICACT 2006, The 8th International Conference, February 2006, vol. 3(4), p. 1732 (2006)
Kempf, J.: Dormant mode host alerting (”ip paging”) problem statement, rfc3132 (June 2001)
Ramjee, R., Varadhan, K., Salgarelli, L., Thuel, S.R., Wang, S.-Y., La Porta, T.: Hawaii: a domain-based approach for supporting mobility in widearea wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 10(3), 396–410 (2002)
Campbell, A.T., Gomez, J., Valko, A.G.: An overview of cellular ip. In: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1999. WCNC 1999, vol. 2, pp. 606–610. IEEE, Los Alamitos (1999)
Zhang, X., Castellanos, J.G., Campbell, A.T.: P-mip: paging extensions for mobile ip. Mob. Netw. Appl. 7(2), 127–141 (2002)
Mohanty, S., Venkatachalam, M., Timiri, S., Ahmadi, S.: Proposal for ieee 802.16m quick paging channel design (July 2008)
Koorapaty, H., Ernstrm, P.: Quick paging signal for ieee 802.16e (May 2008)
Traynor, P., McDaniel, P., La Porta, T.: On attack causality in internet-connected cellular networks. In: Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium (2007)
Akyildiz, I.F., Ho, S.M.: On location management for personal communications networks. Communications Magazine, IEEE 34(9), 138–145 (1996)
Mutaf, P., Castelluccia, C.: Hash-based paging and location update using bloom filters: a paging algorithm that is best suitable for ipv6. Mob. Netw. Appl. 9(6), 627–631 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cai, L., Maganis, G., Zang, H., Chen, H. (2009). Mitigating DoS Attacks on the Paging Channel by Efficient Encoding in Page Messages. In: Chen, Y., Dimitriou, T.D., Zhou, J. (eds) Security and Privacy in Communication Networks. SecureComm 2009. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05284-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05284-2_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05283-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-05284-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)