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Molecular Identification of Fungi pp 357–415Cite as

DNA-Based Detection of Human Pathogenic Fungi: Dermatophytes, Opportunists, and Causative Agents of Deep Mycoses

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Abstract

The affordability of modern molecular biology tools and the availability of whole genome sequences have brought substantial improvement in research on pathogenic fungi and diagnosis of fungal infection. Molecular methods have resolved many critical aspects of mycological diagnosis by (1) providing species-level identification of fungi through sequencing of suitable taxonomic markers; (2) shortening of the time required for microbiological confirmation of life-threatening fungal infections; and (3) tracing the molecular epidemiology of fungal diseases. Nucleic acids-based methods are less subjective than microscopy- or culture-based methods and unaffected by fungal growth conditions, thus capable of discriminating between phenotypically undistinguishable species. This chapter focuses on the contribution of DNA-based techniques to the identification of clinically important fungi such as Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Candida, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Dematiaceous fungi, Fusarium, Histoplasma, Trichosporon, Zygomycetes, and Dermatophytes. Because of their excellent performances, molecular assays are being increasingly adopted by clinical laboratories to complement conventional methods, providing new diagnostic capabilities.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grants from: Ricerca Corrente, Bambino Gesù Hospital Health Care and Research Institute RC 200702P002153 to L.P.; Ricerca Corrente 2008, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani” to P.V.; ISPESL, Ricerca Finalizzata PMS/40/06 to P.V. We acknowledge with great respect the work of very many researchers that has contributed to improve molecular diagnosis of mycoses, and that for reasons of space we were not able to directly reference here.

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  1. Microbiology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Healthcare and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy

    Lorenza Putignani

  2. National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy

    Silvia D’Arezzo, Maria Grazia Paglia & Paolo Visca

  3. Department of Biology, University of Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy

    Paolo Visca

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  1. Lorenza Putignani
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  1. Fac. Science, Dept. Botany, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt

    Youssuf Gherbawy

  2. School of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, University of Jena, Neugasse 24, Jena, 07743, Germany

    Kerstin Voigt

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Putignani, L., D’Arezzo, S., Paglia, M.G., Visca, P. (2010). DNA-Based Detection of Human Pathogenic Fungi: Dermatophytes, Opportunists, and Causative Agents of Deep Mycoses. In: Gherbawy, Y., Voigt, K. (eds) Molecular Identification of Fungi. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8_17

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