The message-passing programming model is based on the abstraction of a parallel computer with a distributed address space where each processor has a local memory to which it has exclusive access, see Sect. 2.3.1. There is no global memory. Data exchange must be performed by message-passing: To transfer data from the local memory of one processor A to the local memory of another processor B, A must send a message containing the data to B, and B must receive the data in a buffer in its local memory. To guarantee portability of programs, no assumptions on the topology of the interconnection network is made. Instead, it is assumed that each processor can send a message to any other processor.
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Rauber, T., Rünger, G. (2010). Message-Passing Programming. In: Parallel Programming. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04818-0_5
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