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Magen-Darm-Trakt

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Pathologie

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Zusammenfassung

Karzinome des Magen-Darm-Trakts (MDT) sind häufig. Auch wenn die Inzidenz von Kolonkarzinomen und Magenkarzinomen in der Schweiz sinkt, gehören beide doch zu den häufigsten bösartigen Tumoren. In der Schweiz beträgt die Mortalität für Kolonkarzinome pro Jahr für Männer 13,8/100.000 und 8,26/100.000 für Frauen. Die Inzidenz der Magenkarzinome nimmt schon seit langem deutlich ab; die Zahl der Ösophaguskarzinome und Dünndarmkarzinome ist in der Schweiz, ähnlich wie in anderen Industriestaaten, relativ gering.

Anders ist die Situation in weniger entwickelten Ländern. Das Ösophaguskarzinom ist beispielsweise in manchen Regionen Südostasiens der häufigste maligne Tumor überhaupt. Daher werden in China zytologische Untersuchungen in großem Stil zur Früherkennung des Ösophaguskarzinoms eingesetzt [10].

In Standardwerken der gastrointestinalen Pathologie wird der zytologischen Diagnostik trotzdem nur ein geringer Stellenwert zuerkannt, denn in kaum einem anderen Gebiet der klinischen Zytopathologie ist die Gefahr falsch-positiver Diagnosen so groß wie im MDT. Will man falsch-positive Befunde vermeiden, ist Vorsicht geboten. So gelangt man häufig nicht über eine Verdachtsdiagnose hinaus. Werden die zweifelhaften zytologischen Befunde aber vor dem klinischen Hintergrund und im Lichte der histologischen Befunde interpretiert und bewertet, sind zytologische Untersuchungen dennoch oft eine wertvolle Ergänzung der Gewebebiopsie.

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  1. Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz

    Lukas Bubendorf, Georg E. Feichter, Ellen C. Obermann & Peter Dalquen

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  1. Institut für Pathologie, Konsultationszentrum für Pankreas- und Endokrine Tumore, TU München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    Günter Klöppel

  2. Zentrum Pathologie und Rechtsmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    Hans H. Kreipe

  3. Institut für Pathologie, Kliniken der Landeshauptstadt, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Remmele

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Bubendorf, L., Feichter, G., Obermann, E., Dalquen, P. (2011). Magen-Darm-Trakt. In: Klöppel, G., Kreipe, H., Remmele, W. (eds) Pathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04562-2_16

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