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The Functions of Insulin-like Peptides in Insects

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IGFs:Local Repair and Survival Factors Throughout Life Span

Part of the book series: Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions ((RPEI))

Abstract

The insulin/Igf-like signalling pathway plays key biological roles in diverse organisms, in growth and development, fecundity, stress resistance, metabolism and lifespan. The identity and functions of insulin-like peptides in mammals are well documented. Although genes encoding related peptides are present in the genomes of invertebrates, often in multiple copies, their biological roles are less well understood. Seven such genes are present in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, they show higher sequence homology to insulin than to other mammalian peptides. Evolutionary conservation of different regions of the peptides among Drosophila species suggests that they are cleaved, like insulin. Each Drosophila Insulin Like Peptide (DILP) is expressed in a characteristic tissue-and stage- specific manner, suggesting that they may have unique biological functions. Ablation of neurosecretory cells in the brain that produce 3 of the DILPs results in an array of phenotypes, including developmental delay, reduced body size, stress resistance, metabolic phenotypes, reduced fecundity and increased lifespan, but assignment of these phenotypes to individual DILPs awaits genetic analysis. ILPs are also present in other insects, including the silk moth (38 genes), the honey bee (2 genes), and two mosquito species (7–8 genes), and insulin binding proteins have also been found in insects. Given the diverse and central functions of insulin/Igf-like signalling, deeper understanding of the roles of these invertebrate insulin-like peptides and the mechanisms by which they achieve them will throw deeper light on the functioning of this system in mammals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    Linda Partridge

  2. Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Gleueler Straße 50a, 50931, Köln, Germany

    Linda Partridge

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  1. Sebastian Grönke
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, Burnett-Womack Hall 8024, Chapel Hill, 27599-7170, U.S.A.

    David Clemmons

  2. Lab. Endocrine Physiology, National Inst. Med. Research, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom

    Iain C.A.F. Robinson

  3. Recherche Therapeutique, Fondation IPSEN pour la, quai George Gorse 65, Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, 92650, France

    Yves Christen

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Grönke, S., Partridge, L. (2010). The Functions of Insulin-like Peptides in Insects. In: Clemmons, D., Robinson, I., Christen, Y. (eds) IGFs:Local Repair and Survival Factors Throughout Life Span. Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04302-4_9

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