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The Relationship Between the Continuum of Elevated Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes and Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease: An Epidemiological Perspective

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Diabetes, Insulin and Alzheimer's Disease

Part of the book series: Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer's Disease ((ALZHEIMER))

Abstract

This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic evidence linking the continuum of elevated adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). The mechanisms relating this continuum to LOAD may be vascular and non-vascular. Elevated adiposity in middle age is related to a higher risk of LOAD but the data on this association in old age are conflicting. Several studies have shown that hyperinsulinemia, a consequence of higher adiposity and insulin resistance, is also related to a higher risk of LOAD. Studies have consistently shown a relationship between T2D and higher LOAD risk. A large proportion of the world population may be at increased risk of LOAD, given the trends for increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and T2D. However, these associations may present a unique opportunity for prevention and treatment of LOAD. Several studies in the prevention and treatment of T2D are currently conducting or have planned cognition ancillary studies. In addition, clinical trials using insulin sensitizers in the treatment or prevention of LOAD are under way.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Luchsinger’s work in this review was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (AG07232), by the Alzheimer’s Association (IIRG-05-15053), the American Diabetes Association (7-08-CR-41) and by the Florence and Herbert Irving Clinical Research Scholar’s Award

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  1. Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    José A. Luchsinger

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Correspondence to José A. Luchsinger .

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  1. School of Medicine, University of Washington, S. Columbian Way 1660, Seattle, 98108, USA

    Suzanne Craft

  2. Recherche Therapeutique, Fondation IPSEN pour la, quai George Gorse 65, Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, 92650, France

    Yves Christen

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Luchsinger, J.A. (2010). The Relationship Between the Continuum of Elevated Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes and Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease: An Epidemiological Perspective. In: Craft, S., Christen, Y. (eds) Diabetes, Insulin and Alzheimer's Disease. Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer's Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04300-0_7

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