Abstract
In this paper we combine a state of the art eye center locator and a new eye corner locator into a system which estimates the visual gaze of a user in a controlled environment (e.g. sitting in front of a screen). In order to reduce to a minimum the computational costs, the eye corner locator is built upon the same technology of the eye center locator, tweaked for the specific task. If high mapping precision is not a priority of the application, we claim that the system can achieve acceptable accuracy without the requirements of additional dedicated hardware. We believe that this could bring new gaze based methodologies for human-computer interactions into the mainstream.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
COGAIN: Communication by gaze interaction, gazing into the future (2006), http://www.cogain.org
Duchowski, A.T.: Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Bates, R., Istance, H., Oosthuizen, L., Majaranta, P.: Survey of de-facto standards in eye tracking. In: COGAIN Conf. on Comm. by Gaze Inter. (2005)
Asteriadis, S., Nikolaidis, N., Hajdu, A., Pitas, I.: An eye detection algorithm using pixel to edge information. In: Int. Symp. on Control, Commun. and Sign. Proc. (2006)
Bai, L., Shen, L., Wang, Y.: A novel eye location algorithm based on radial symmetry transform. In: ICPR, pp. 511–514 (2006)
Campadelli, P., Lanzarotti, R., Lipori, G.: Precise eye localization through a general-to-specific model definition. In: BMVC (2006)
Cristinacce, D., Cootes, T.: Feature detection and tracking with constrained local models. In: BMVC (2006)
Cristinacce, D., Cootes, T., Scott, I.: A multi-stage approach to facial feature detection. In: BMVC, pp. 277–286 (2004)
Hamouz, M., Kittlerand, J., Kamarainen, J.K., Paalanen, P., Kalviainen, H., Matas, J.: Feature-based affine-invariant localization of faces. PAMI 27(9), 1490–1495 (2005)
Türkan, M., Pardás, M., Çetin, E.: Human eye localization using edge projection. In: Comp. Vis. Theory and App. (2007)
Zhou, Z.H., Geng, X.: Projection functions for eye detection. In: Pattern Recog., pp. 1049–1056 (2004)
Lichtenauer, J., Hendriks, E., Reinders, M.: Isophote properties as features for object detection. In: CVPR, vol. 2, pp. 649–654 (2005)
Dam, E.B., ter Haar Romeny, B.: Front End Vision and Multi-Scale Image Analysis. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2003)
van Ginkel, M., van de Weijer, J., van Vliet, L., Verbeek, P.: Curvature estimation from orientation fields. In: SCIA (1999)
Valenti, R., Gevers, T.: Accurate eye center location and tracking using isophote curvature. In: CVPR (June 2008)
Koenderink, J., van Doorn, A.J.: Surface shape and curvature scales. Image and Vision Computing, 557–565 (1992)
Comaniciu, D., Ramesh, V., Meer, P.: Kernel-based object tracking. PAMI 25(5), 564–577 (2003)
Zheng, Z., Yang, J., Yang, L.: A robust method for eye features extraction on color image. Pattern Recognition Letters 26, 2252–2261 (2005)
Zhu, J., Yang, J.: Subpixel eye gaze tracking. In: Face and Gesture Recogn. Conference, p. 131 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Valenti, R., Staiano, J., Sebe, N., Gevers, T. (2009). Webcam-Based Visual Gaze Estimation. In: Foggia, P., Sansone, C., Vento, M. (eds) Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2009. ICIAP 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5716. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04146-4_71
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04146-4_71
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04145-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04146-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)