Abstract
How many wireless sensor nodes should be used and where should they be placed in order to form an optimal wireless sensor network (WSN) deployment? This is a difficult question to answer for a decision maker due to the conflicting objectives of deployment costs and wireless transmission reliability. Here, we address this problem using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) which allows to identify the trade-offs between low-cost and highly reliable deployments–providing the decision maker with a set of good solutions to choose from. For the MOEA, we use an off-the-shelf selector and propose a problem-specific representation, an initialization scheme, and variation operators. The resulting algorithm is applied to a test deployment scenario to show the usefulness of the approach in terms of decision making.
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Notes
- 1.
In contrast to Woehrle et al. (2007), we use the parameters d 0 = 10m, P t = 0dBm, σ = 4. 0, η = 4. 0, and \({P}_{n} = -115dBm\) here.
- 2.
To get a general operator, the σ{ mut}-values are adapted to the size of the polygon. To this end, we choose \({\sigma }_{\text{ mut},x} = {c}_{\text{ mut}} \cdot X/2\) where X is the width of the enclosing rectangle of the area of interest and c { mut} = 0. 05 is constant. The value of σ{ mut}, y is chosen similarly with respect to Y , the height of the enclosing rectangle.
- 3.
For the computation of the hypervolume indicator, we normalized the number of nodes with the maximal number of nodes occurring during the simulations. As reference point, (1. 01, 1. 01) was chosen; resulting in a maximal indicator value of ≈ 1. 02.
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Acknowledgements
Matthias Woehrle and Dimo Brockhoff have been supported by the SNF under grant numbers 5005-67322 and 112079. Tim Hohm has been supported by the European Commission under the Marie Curie RTN SYSTEM, Project 5336.
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Woehrle, M., Brockhoff, D., Hohm, T., Bleuler, S. (2010). Investigating Coverage and Connectivity Trade-offs in Wireless Sensor Networks: The Benefits of MOEAs. In: Ehrgott, M., Naujoks, B., Stewart, T., Wallenius, J. (eds) Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Sustainable Energy and Transportation Systems. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol 634. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04045-0_18
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