Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clothing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Contact Dermatitis

Abstract

Contact dermatitis from clothing is not rare and frequently offers a typical pattern, mainly located in body areas in contact with the garment. With the exception of rubber derivatives, textile fibers mostly induce irritant dermatitis. Among the textile resins, used to enhance the touch and quality of clothing, older ones significantly release formaldehyde, whereas current cyclized urea resins release fewer or no formaldehyde. Disperse dyes (azo or anthraquinone type) are the most employed dyes and the most frequent inducers of textile allergy, due to synthetic fibers. Among disperse azo dyes, Disperse Blue 106/124 are currently the main sensitizers, found in synthetic fibers. Standard series are generally unable to detect textile dyes allergy, and the gold standard is patch testing with the patient’s clothing. Systematic addition of textile dye(s) such as Disperse Blue 106/124 can be recommended. Detection of formaldehyde and extraction of dyes from clothing for subsequent identification and patch testing are useful methods to ascertain the diagnosis of textile contact allergy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Roed-Petersen J, Batsberg W, Larsen E (1990) Contact dermatitis from Naphthol AS. Contact Dermatitis 22:161–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kojima S, Momma J, Kaniwa MA, Ikarashi Y, Sato M, Nakaji Y, Kurokawa Y, Nakamura A (1990) Phosgene (chlorophenyl)hydrazones, strong sensitizers found in yellow sweaters bleached with sodium hypochlorite, defined as causative allergens for contact dermatitis by an experimental screening method in animals. Contact Dermatitis 23:129–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Foussereau J (1987) Les eczémas allergiques cosmétologiques, thérapeutiques et vestimentaires. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hatch KL, Maibach HI (1985) Textile dye dermatitis. A review. J Am Acad Dermatol 12:1079–1092

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hausen BM (1993) Contact allergy to Disperse Blue 106 and Blue 124 in black “velvet” clothes. Contact Dermatitis 28:169–173

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Menezes-Brandao F, Altermatt C, Pecegueiro M, Bordalo O, Foussereau J (1985) Contact dermatitis to Disperse Blue 106. Contact Dermatitis 13:80–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dooms-Goossens A (1992) Textile dye dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 27:321–323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Manzini BM, Motoles A, Conti A, Ferdani G, Seidenari S (1996) Sensitization to reactive textile dyes in patients with contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 34:172–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Balato N, Lembo G, Patruno C, Ayala F (1990) Prevalence of textile dye contact sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 23:111–126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Seidenari S, Manzini BM, Danese P (1991) Contact sensitization to textile dyes: description of 100 subjects. Contact Dermatitis 24:253–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Seidenari S, Manzini BM, Schiavi ME, Motolese A (1995) Prevalence of contact allergy to non-disperse azo dyes for natural fibers: a study in 1814 consecutive patients. Contact Dermatitis 33:118–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Borrego L, Ortiz-Frutos J (1996) Textile dye dermatitis: Spanish experience. J Am Acad Dermatol 34:715–716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lisboa C, Barros MA, Azenha A (1994) Contact dermatitis from textile dyes. Contact Dermatitis 31:9–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sherertz EF (1992) Clothing dermatitis: practical aspects for the clinician. Am J Contact Dermat 3:55–64

    Google Scholar 

  15. Seidenari S, Mantovani L, Manzini BM, Pignatti M (1997) Cross-sensitizations between azo dyes and para-amino compound. A study of 236 azo-dye-sensitive subjects. Contact Dermatitis 36:91–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lodi A, Ambonati M, Coassini A, Chiarelli G, Mancini LL, Crosti C (1998) Textile dye contact dermatitis in an allergic population. Contact Dermatitis 39:314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ryberg K, Isaksson M, Gruvberger B, Hindsén M, Zimerson E, Bruze M (2006) Contact allergy to textile dyes in southern Sweden. Contact Dermatitis 54:313–321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hatch KL, Maibach HI (2000) Textile dye allergic contact dermatitis prevalence. Contact Dermatitis 42:187–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hatch KL, Maibach HI (1986) Textile chemical finish dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 14:1–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Le Coz C (1999) Dermites de contact aux apprêts et ennoblisseurs textiles. Progrès en dermato-allergologie, Lyon. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  21. Official Journal of the European Communities. N° L 243/15. Directive 2002/61/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 amending for the nineteenth time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (azocolourants)

    Google Scholar 

  22. http://www.oeko-tex.com

  23. Cronin E (1963) Formalin textile dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 75:267–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Van der Veen JPW, Neering H, de Haan P, Bruynzeel DP (1988) Pigmented purpuric clothing dermatitis due to Disperse Blue 85. Contact Dermatitis 19:222–223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Komericki P, Aberer W, Arbab E, Kovacevic Z, Kränke B (2001) Pigmented purpuric contact dermatitis from Disperse Blue 106 and 124 dyes. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:456–458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Foti C, Elia G, Filotico R, Angelini G (1998) Purpuric clothing dermatitis due to Disperse Yellow 27. Contact Dermatitis 39:273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fowler JF, Skinner SM, Belsito DV (1992) Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde resins in permanent press clothing: an underdiagnosed cause of generalized dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:962–968

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Nakagawa M, Kawai K, Kawai K (1996) Multiple azo disperse dye sensitization mainly due to group sensitizations to azo dyes. Contact Dermatitis 34:6–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mathelier-Fusade P, Aïssaoui M, Chabane MH, Mounedji N, Leynadier F (1996) Chronic generalized eczema caused by multiple dye sensitization. Am J Contact Dermat 7: 224–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hatch KL, Maibach HI (1985) Textile fiber dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 12:1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rietschel RL, Fowler JF (1994) Fisher’s contact dermatitis, 4th edn. Wiliams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 358–392

    Google Scholar 

  32. Inoue A, Ishido I, Shoji A, Yamada H (1997) Textile dermatitis from silk. Contact Dermatitis 37:185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Tanaka M, Kobayashi S, Miyakawa S-I (1993) Contact dermatitis from nylon 6 in Japan. Contact Dermatitis 28: 250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kerre S, Devos L, Verhoeve L, Bruze M, Gruvberger B, Dooms-Goossens A (1996) Contact allergy to diethylthiourea in a wet suit. Contact Dermatitis 35:176–178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Reynaers A, Goossens A (1998) La diéthylthiourée: allergène de contact dans divers objets en néoprène. La lettre du GERDA 15:60–61

    Google Scholar 

  36. Alcántara M, Martínez-Escribano J, Frías J, García-Sellés FJ (2000) Allergic contact dermatitis due to diphenylthiourea in a neoprene slimming suit. Contact Dermatitis 43: 224–225

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Diepgen TL, Stäbler A, Hornstein OP (1990) Textilunverträglichkeit beim atopischen Ekzem. Eine kontrollierte klinische Studie. Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten 65: 907–910

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Veien NK, Hattel T, Laurberg G (1991) Can “label dermatitis” become “creeping neurotic excoriations”? Contact Dermatitis 27:272–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hatch KL, Maibach HI (1995) Textile dermatitis: an update (I). Resins, additives and fibers. Contact Dermatitis 32: 319–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Andersen KE, Hamann K (1982) Cost benefit of patch testing with textile finish resins. Contact Dermatitis 8:64–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Schorr WF, Keran E, Plotka E (1974) Formaldehyde allergy. The quantitative analysis of american clothing for free formaldehyde and its relevance in clinical practice. Arch Dermatol 110:73–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Marks JG, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA, Fowler JF, Fransway AF, Maibach HI et al (1998) North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 38:911–918

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Foussereau J, Dallara JM (1986) Purity of standardized textile dye allergens: a thin layer chromatography study. Contact Dermatitis 14:303–306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Le Coz CJ, Lefebvre C, Haberkorn L (2002) Epicutaneous chromatogram applied test (EpiCAT): an original test method for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from clothing dyes. Contact Dermatitis 46(suppl 4):34

    Google Scholar 

  45. Cavelier C, Foussereau J, Tomb R (1988) Allergie de contact et colorants (2e partie). Cahiers de notes documentaires de l’INRS 133:615–647

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cavelier C, Foussereau J, Tomb R (1988) Allergie de contact et colorants (1e partie). Cahiers de notes documentaires de l’INRS 132:421–443

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hatch KL, Maibach HI (1995) Textile dye dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 32:631–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Cronin E (1980) Contact dermatitis. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, pp 36–92

    Google Scholar 

  49. Wenninger JA, Canterbery RC, McEwen Jr GN (eds) (2000) International cosmetic ingredient dictionary and handbook, 8th edn. The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  50. Report on Carcinogens, 10th edn (2002) US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, December 2002

    Google Scholar 

  51. Cronin E (1968) Studies in contact dermatitis, dyes in clothing. Trans St John’s Hosp Derm Soc 54:156–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Cronin E (1968) Studies in contact dermatitis, nylon stocking dyes. Trans St John’s Hosp Derm Soc 54:165–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dabestani R, Reszka KJ, Davis DG, Sik RH, Chignell CF (1991) Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents-XVI. Disperse blue 35. Photochem Photobiol 54:37–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hausen BM, Sawall EM (1989) Sensitization experiments with textile dyes in guinea pigs. Contact Dermatitis 20:27–31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Dejobert Y, Martin P, Thomas P, Bergoend H (1995) Multiple azo dye sensitization revealed by the wearing of a black “velvet” body. Contact Dermatitis 33:276–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Massone L, Anonide A, Isola V, Borghi S (1991) 2 cases of multiple azo dye sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 24:60–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Pecquet C, Assier-Bonnet H, Artigou C, Verne-Fourment L, Saïag P (1999) Atypical presentation of textile dye densitization. Contact Dermatitis 40:51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Guin JD, Dwyer G, Sterba K (1999) Clothing dye dermatitis masquerading as (coexisting) mimosa allergy. Contact Dermatitis 40:45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hatch K, Motschi H, Maibach HI (2003) Disperse dyes in fabrics of patients patch-test-positive to disperse dyes. Am J Contact Dermat 14:205–212

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Chave TA, Nicolaou N, Johnston GA (2003) Hand dermatitis in a student caused by Basic Red 46. Contact Dermatitis 49:161–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Foussereau J (1986) Contact dermatitis to Basic Red 46. Contact Dermatitis 15:106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Opie J, Lee A, Frowen K, Fewings J, Nixon R (2003) Foot dermatitis caused by the textile dye Basic Red 46 in acrylic blend socks. Contact Dermatitis 49:297–303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Noferi A, Ferrante E, Testa A (1966) Dermatosi allergiche da nero diretto colorante azoico solubile. Folia Allerg 13:478–480

    Google Scholar 

  64. Wilson HTH, Cronin E (1971) Dermatitis from dyed uniforms. Br J Dermatol 85:67–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Moreau L, Goossens A (2005) Allergic contact dermatitis associated with reactive dyes in a dark garment: a case report. Contact Dermatitis 53:150–154

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Sommer S, Wilkinson SM (2000) A series of 3 patients sensitized to reactive dyes during patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 43:227–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Le Coz CJ, Lepoittevin JP (2001) Clothing dermatitis from Naphthol AS. Contact Dermatitis 44:366–367

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Jordan WP, Bourlas M (1975) Allergic contact dermatitis to underwear elastic. Arch Dermatol 111:593–595

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Blancas-Espinosa R, Ancona-Alayón A, Arévalo-López A (2000) Allergic contact dermatitis to socks presenting as bleached rubber syndrome. Am J Contact Dermat 11:97–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Bergh M, Menné T, Karlberg AT (1994) Colophony in paper-based surgical clothing. Contact Dermatitis 31:332–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hayakawa R, Ogino Y, Suzuki M, Kaniwa M (1994) Allergic contact dermatitis from para-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-F-R). Contact Dermatitis 30:187–188

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Rantanen T (2008) The cause of the Chinese sofa/chair dermatitis epidemic is likely to be contact allergy to dimethylfumarate, a novel potent contact sensitizer. Br J Dermatol 159:218–221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Imbert E, Chamaillard M, Kostrzewa E, Doutre MS, Milpied B, Beylot-Barry M, Le Coz CJ, Fritsch C, Chantecler ML, Vigan M (2008) Allergie au fauteuil chinois: une nouvelle dermite de contact. Ann Dermatol Venereol 135:777–779

    Google Scholar 

  74. Vigan M, Biver C, Bourrain JL, Pelletier F, Girardin P, Aubin F, Humbert P (2009) Eczéma aigu d’un pied au diméthylfumarate. Ann Dermatol Venereol 136:281–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Foti C, Zambonin CG, Cassano N, Aresta A, Damascelli A, Ferrara F, Vena GA (2009) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis associated with dimethyl fumarate in clothing. Contact Dermatitis 61:122–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Arisu K, Hayakawa R, Ogino Y, Matsunaga K, Kaniwa M-A (1992) Tinuvin® P in a spandex tape as a cause of clothing dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 26:311–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Niklasson B, Björkner B (1989) Contact allergy to the UV-absorber Tinuvin® P in plastics. Contact Dermatitis 21:330–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Moreau A, Dompmartin A, Castel B, Remond B, Michel M, Leroy D (1994) Contact dermatitis from a textile flame retardant. Contact Dermatitis 31:86–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Shankar DS (1992) contact urticaria induced by Semecarpus anacardium. Contact Dermatitis 26:200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Andersen PH, Bindslev-Jensen C, Mosbech H, Zachariae H, Andersen KE (1998) Skin symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis using enzyme-containing detergents. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 78:60–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kiriyama T, Sugiura H, Uehara M (2003) Residual washing detergent in cotton clothes: a factor of winter deterioration of dry skin in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 30:708–712

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Belsito DV, Fransway AF, Fowler JF Jr, Sherertz EF, Maibach HI, Marks JG Jr et al (2002) Allergic contact dermatitis to detergents: a multicenter study to assess prevalence. J Am Acad Dermatol 46:200–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Kofoed ML (1984) Contact dermatitis to formaldehyde in fabric softeners. Contact Dermatitis 11:254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Hafner J, Ruegger M, Kralicek P, Elsner P (1995) Airborne irritant contact dermatitis from metal dust adhering to semisynthetic working suits. Contact Dermatitis 32: 285–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Le Coz CJ, Lepoittevin JP (2001) Occupational erythema-multiforme-like dermatitis from sensitization to costus resinoid, followed by flare-up and systemic contact dermatitis from beta-cyclocostunolide in a chemistry student. Contact Dermatitis 44:310–311

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hindsén M, Isaksson M, Persson L, Zimersson E, Bruze M (2004) Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen induced by drug-contaminated personal objects. J Am Acad Dermatol 50:215–219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Khanna M, Sasseville D (2001) Occupational contact dermatitis to textile dyes in airline personnel. Am J Contact Dermat 12:208–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Metzler-Brenckle L, Rietschel RL (2002) Patch testing for permanent-press allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 46:33–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Francalanci S, Angelini G, Balato N, Berardesca E, Cusano F, Gaddoni G, Lisi P, Lodi A, Schena D, Sertoli A (1995) Effectiveness of disperse dyes mix in detection of contact allergy to textile dyes: an Italian multicentre study. Contact Dermatitis 33:351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Sousa-Basto A, Azenha A (1994) Textile dye mixes: useful screening tests for textile dye allergy. Contact Dermatitis 30:89–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Sertoli A, Francalanci S, Giorgini S (1994) Sensitization to textile disperse dyes: validity of reduced-concentration patch tests and a new mix. Contact Dermatitis 31:47–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Le Coz CJ, Jelen G, Goossens A, Vigan M, Ducombs G, Bircher A et al (2004) Disperse (yes), Orange (yes), 3 (no): what do we test in textile dye dermatitis? Contact Dermatitis 50:126–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Goon AT, Gilmour NJ, Basketter DA, White IR, Rycroft RJ, McFadden JP (2003) High frequency of simultaneous sensitivity to Disperse Orange 3 in patients with positive patch tests to para-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 48: 248–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lazarov A, Trattner A, David M, Ingber A (2001) Textile dermatitis in Israel: a retrospective study. Am J Contact Dermat 11:26–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Uter W, Geier J, Lessmann H, Hausen BM (2001) Contact allergy to Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 in German and Austrian patients, 1995 to 1999. Contact Dermatitis 44:173–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Fregert S, Dahlquist I, Gruvberger B (1984) A simple method for the detection of formaldehyde. Contact Dermatitis 10:132–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Gryllaki-Berger M, Mugny C, Perrenoud D, Pannatier A, Frenk E (1992) A comparative study of formaldehyde detection using chromotropic acid, acetylacetone and HPLC in cosmetics and household cleaning products. Contact Dermatitis 26:149–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Le Coz CJ (2002) Allergie de contact au formaldéhyde. Ann Dermatol Venereol 129:68–69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Bruze M, Frick M, Persson L (2003) Patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms. Contact Dermatitis 48:278–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ryberg K, Goossens A, Isaksson M, Gruvberger B, Zimerson E, Persson L, Bruze M (2009) Patch testing of patients allergic to Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 with thin-layer chromatograms and purified dyes. Contact Dermatitis 60:270–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Cardon D (2003) Le monde des teintures naturelles. Belin, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  102. Lepoittevin JP, Le Coz C (2007) Dictionary of contact allergens. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cabinet de Dermatologie & Laboratoire de Dermatochimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France

    Christophe-J. Le Coz

Authors
  1. Christophe-J. Le Coz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christophe-J. Le Coz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Dermatology, Amtssygehuset Gentofte, Niels Andersens Vej 65, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark

    Jeanne Duus Johansen

  2. Klinikzentrum Mitte, Hautklinik, Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, Beurhausstr. 40, Dortmund, 44137, Germany

    Peter J. Frosch

  3. Labo. Dermatochimie, Institut le Bel, rue Blaise Pascal 4, Strasbourg CX, 67070, France

    Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Le Coz, CJ. (2011). Clothing. In: Johansen, J., Frosch, P., Lepoittevin, JP. (eds) Contact Dermatitis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03827-3_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03827-3_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03826-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03827-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation