Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Head Injuries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Trauma Biomechanics

Abstract

Head injury sustained in accidents continues to be a leading cause of death and disability even though considerable advancement in the understanding of head injury mechanisms and the introduction of different measures to prevent such injury has resulted in the reduction of the number and severity of head injuries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • AAAM (2005): AIS 2005: The injury scale (Eds. Gennarelli T and Wodzin E), Association of Advancement of Automotive Medicine

    Google Scholar 

  • AGU (2003): Working Group of Accident Mechanics at ETH Zurich, http://www.agu.ch

  • Advani S, Ommaya A, Yang W (1982): Head injury mechanisms, in Human Body Dynamics, Ed. Ghista, Oxford Univ. Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Advani S, Powell W, Huston J, Ojala S (1975): Human head impact response experimental data and analytical simulations, Proc. Intern. Conf. on Biomechanics of Serious Trauma, pp. 153-162

    Google Scholar 

  • Allsop D, Perl T, Warner C (1991): Force/deflection and fracture characteristics of the temporoparietal region of the human head, Proc. 35th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 912907, pp. 139-155

    Google Scholar 

  • Allsop D, Warner C, Wille M, Schneider D, Nahum A (1988): Facial impact response — a comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver, Proc. 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 881719

    Google Scholar 

  • Atha J, Yeadon M, Sandover J, Parsons K (1985): The damaging punch, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), Vol. 291(6511), pp. 1756-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Autoliv (2003): Autoliv, http://www.autoliv.com

  • Bailes J and Cantu R (2001): Head injury in athletes, Neurosurgery, Vol. 48(1), pp. 26-46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biasca N, Lovell M, Collins M, Jordan B, Matser E, Weber J, Slemmer J, Piccininni P, Maxwell W, Agosti R, Wirth S, Schneider T (2006a): Die unerkannte Hirnverletzung im Sport: das leichte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und seine Folgen, Teil 1, Schweiz. Med. Forum, Vol. 6, pp. 93-96

    Google Scholar 

  • Biasca N, Lovell M, Collins M, Jordan B, Matser E, Weber J, Slemmer J, Piccininni P, Maxwell W, Agosti R, Wirth S, Schneider T (2006b): Die unerkannte Hirnverletzung im Sport: das leichte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und seine Folgen, Teil 2, Schweiz. Med. Forum, Vol. 6, pp. 121-128

    Google Scholar 

  • Beier G, Schuller E, Schuck M, Ewing C, Becker E, Thomas D (1980): Center of gravity and moments of inertia of human head, Proc. 5th Intern. Conf. on the Biokinetics of Impacts, pp. 218-228

    Google Scholar 

  • Delaney J, Puni V, Rouah F (2006): Mechanisms of injury for concussions in university football, ice hockey, and soccer, Clin J Sport Med, Vol. 16(2), pp. 162-165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duma S, Manoogian S, Bussone W, Brolinson G, Goforth M, Donnenwerth J, Greenwald R, Chu J, Crisco J (2005): Analysis of real-time head accelerations in collegiate football players, Clin J Sport Med, Vol. 15(1), pp. 3-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gadd C (1961): Criteria for injury potential, Impact Acceleration Stress Symposium, Nat. Academy of Sciences, Washington, Nat. Research Council Pub. No. 977, pp.141-144

    Google Scholar 

  • Gennarelli T, Thibault L, Ommaya A (1972): Pathophysiologic responses to totational and translational accelerations of the head, Proc. 16th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 720970, pp. 269-308

    Google Scholar 

  • Got C, Patel A, Fayon A, Tarriere C, Walfisch G (1978): Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relation to some measured physical parameters, Proc. 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 780887, pp. 57-99

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith W, Monson L (2005): The State of Head Injury Biomechanics: Past, Present, and Future Part 2: Physical Experimentation, Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 33(2), pp. 105-207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdjian E, Robert V, Thomas L (1966): Tolerance curves of acceleration and intercranial pressure and protective index in experimental head injury, J Trauma, Vol. 6(5), pp. 600–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdjian E, Lissner H, Latimer R, Haddad B, Webster J (1953): Quantitative determination of acceleration and intercranial pressure in experimental head injury, Neurology, Vol. 3, pp. 417-423

    Google Scholar 

  • Guskiewicz K, Mihalik J, Shankar V, Marshall S, Crowell D, Oliario S, Ciocca M, Hooker D (2007): Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: relationship between head impact biomechanics and acute clinical outcome after concussion, Neurosurgery, Vol. 61(6), pp. 1244-1253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertz (1993): A note on the head injury criterion (HIC) as a predictor of the risk of skull fracture, 37th Annual Proceedings of the AAAM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch A, Ommaya A, Mahone R (1968): Tolerance of subhuman primate brain to cerebral concussion, Report 2876, Dept. of the Navy, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson V, Thomas L (1971): Breaking strength of the human skull vs. impact surface curvature, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Report

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter R (1999): Skiing injuries, Am J Sports Injury, Vol. 27, pp. 381-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Junge A, Langevoort G, Pipe A, Peytavin A, Wong F, Mountjoy M, Beltrami G, Terrell R, Holzgraefe M, Charles R, Dvorak J (2006): Injuries in team sport tournaments during the 2004 Olympic Games, Am J Sports Med, Vol. 34(4), pp. 565-76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler JW, Hoyt TA, Monk MW (1988): Pedestrian head injury reduction concepts, DOT HS 807 432, National Technical Information Service, Springsfield VA

    Google Scholar 

  • King A, Yang K, Zhang L, Hardy W, Viano D (2003): Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration?, Proc. IRCOBI Conf., pp. 1-12

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkendall D, Jordan S, Garrett W (2001): Heading and head injuries in soccer, Sports Med, Vol. 31(5), pp.369-86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinberger M, Sun E, Eppinger R, Kupp. S, Saul R (1998): Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of advanced automotive restraint sytems, NHTSA report, September 1998

    Google Scholar 

  • Krabbel G (1997): Ein rechnerisches Schädel-Hirn-Modell zur Untersuchung dynamischer Belastungen des Kopfes, Dissertation, TU Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer F (1998/2006): Passive Sicherheit von Kraftfahrzeugen, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig, Germany (2006, 2nd edition)

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy A, Hawkes A, Hemminger L, Knight S (2002): An analysis of head injuries among skiers and snowboarders, J Trauma, Vol. 53(4), pp. 695-704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lissner H, Lebow M, Evans F (1960): Experimental studies on the relation between acceleration and intracranial pressure changes in man, Surg Gynecol Obstet, Vol. 111, pp. 320-338

    Google Scholar 

  • Löwenhielm (1975): Mathematical simulation of gliding contusions, J Biomech, Vol. 8, pp. 351-356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margulies S, Thibault (1992): A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man, J Biomech, Vol. 25(8), pp. 917-23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazda (2003): Mazda Motor Corp. Japan, http://www.mazda.com

  • McIntosh A, McCrory P (2005): Preventing head and neck injury, Br J Sports Med, Vol. 39, pp. 314-18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melvin J, Mertz H (2002): Airbag inflation-induced injury biomechanics, in Accidental Injury - Biomechanics and Prevention (Eds. Nahum, Melvin), Springer Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Melvin J, Lighthall J (2002): Brain injury biomechanics, in Accidental Injury - Biomechanics and Prevention (Eds. Nahum, Melvin), Springer Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalik J, Bell D, Marshall S, Guskiewicz K (2007): Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: an investigation of positional and event-tye differences, Neurosurgery, Vol. 61(6), pp. 1229-1235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nahum A, Gatts J, Gadd C, Danforth J (1968): Impact tolerance of the skull and face, Proc. 2nd Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 680785

    Google Scholar 

  • Naunheim R, Standeven J, Richter C, Lewis L (2000): Comparison of impact data in hockey, football, and soccer, J Trauma, Vol. 48(5), pp. 938-941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman J (2002): Biomechancis of head trauma: head protection, in Accidental Injury - Biomechanics and Prevention (Eds. Nahum, Melvin), Springer Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman J, Shewchenko N, Welbourne E (2000): A new biomechanical head injury assessment function: the maximum power index, Proc. 44th Stapp Car Crash Conf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman J (1986): A generalized acceleration model for brain injury threshold (GAMBIT), Proc. IRCOBI Conf., pp.121-131

    Google Scholar 

  • Ommaya (1984): Biomechanics of head injury, in Biomechanics of Trauma, Eds. Nahum, Melvis, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Norwalk

    Google Scholar 

  • Ommaya A, Yarnell P, Hirsch A, Harris Z (1967): Scaling of experimental data on cerebral concussion on sub-human primates to concussion threshold for men, Proc. 11th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 670906, pp. 47-52

    Google Scholar 

  • Ommaya A, Goldsmith W, Thibault L (2002): Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury, Br J Neurosurg, Vol. 16(3), pp. 220-42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ono I, Kikuchi A, Nakamura M, Kobayashi H, Nakamura N (1980): Human head tolerance to sagittal impact reliable estimation deduced from experimental head injury using subhuman primates and human cadaver skulls, Proc. 24th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 801303

    Google Scholar 

  • Padgaonka A, Krieger K, King A (1975): Measurement of angular acceleration of a rigid body using linear accelerometers, J App. Mech, Vol. 42, pp. 552-556

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellman E, Powell J, Viano D, Casson I, Tucker A, Feuer H, Lovell M, Waeckerle J, Robertson D (2003): Concussion in professional football: epidemiological features of game injuries and review of the literature–part 3, Neurosurgery, Vol. 54(1), pp. 81-94

    Google Scholar 

  • Prange M, Luck J, Dibb A, Van Ee C, Nightingale R, Myers B (2004): Mechanical properties and anthropometry of the human infant head, Stapp Car Crash Journal, Vol. 48, pp. 279-299

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobotta J (1997): Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen; Band 1 & 2; Urban und Schwarzenberg; München

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider D, Nahum A (1972): Impact studies of facial bones and skull, Proc. 16th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 720965, pp. 186-203

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith T, Bishop P, Wells R (1988): Three dimensional analysis of linear and angular accelerations of the head experienced in boxing, Proc. IRCOBI Conf., pp. 271-85

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith M, Dyson R, Hale T, Janaway L (2000): Development of a boxing dynamometer and its punch force discrimination efficacy, J Sports Sci, Vol.18(6), pp. 445-50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith D, Meany D (2002): Roller coasters, g forces, and brain trauma: on the wrong track?, J Neurotrauma, Vol. 19(10), pp. 1117-1120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takhounts E, Eppinger R, Campbell J, Tannous R (2003): On the development of the SIMon finite element head model, Stapp Car Crash J, Vol 47, pp. 107-133

    Google Scholar 

  • Takhounts E, Ridella S, Hasija V, Tannous R, Campbell J, Malone D, Danelson K, Stitzel J, Sowson S, Duma S (2008): Investigation of traumatic brain injuries using the next generation of simulated injury monitor (SIMon) finite element head model, Stapp Car Crash Jounral, Vol. 52, pp. 1-31

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarriere C (1987): Relationship between experimental measuring techniques and real world accidents, Head Injury Symposium, New Orleans, AAAM Report

    Google Scholar 

  • Versace J (1971): A review of the severity index, Proc. 15th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE 710881

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetter D (2000): Seminar: Biomechanik und Dummy-Technik, TU-Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Viano D (2001): Crashworthiness and Biomechanics, Euromotor Course, June 11-13, Göteborg, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Viano D, Casson I, Pellman E, Bir C, Zhang L, Sherman D, Boitano M (2005): Concussion in professional football: comparison with boxing head impacts, Neurosurgery, Vol. 57(6), pp. 1154-1172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viano D, Casson I, Pellman E (2007): Concussion in professional football: biomechanics of the struck player, Neurosurgery, Vol. 61(2), pp. 313-328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walilko T, Viano D, Bir C (2005): Biomechanics of the head for Olympic boxer punches to the face, Br J Sports Med, Vol. 39, pp. 710-719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willinger R, Baumgartner D (2001): Numerical and physical modelling of the human head under impact - toward new injury criterion, Int. J. Vehicle Des., Vol. 32 (1-2), pp. 94-115

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang K (2007): Recent advances and new questions in human modeling: from injury biomechanics point of view, Proc. Human Modeling and Simulation in Automotive Safety Symposium, Aschaffenburg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yen K, Metzl J (2000): Sports-specific concerns in the young athlete: baseball, Pediatr Emerg Care, Vol. 16, pp. 215-20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarzyn T, Finch C, McCrory P (2003): A 16 year study of injuries to professional boxers in the state of Victoria Australia, Br J Sports med, Vol. 36, pp. 270-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Yang K, King A (2004): A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury, J Biomech Engineering, Vol. 126, pp. 226-236

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, ETZ F90, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Dr. Kai-Uwe Schmitt (PD) & Prof.Dr. Peter F. Niederer (emeritiert)

  2. AGU, Winkelriedstrasse 27, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland

    Dr. Markus H. Muser & Prof. Dr. med. Felix Walz

Authors
  1. Dr. Kai-Uwe Schmitt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof.Dr. Peter F. Niederer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dr. Markus H. Muser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Prof. Dr. med. Felix Walz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schmitt, KU., Niederer, P.F., Muser, M.H., Walz, F. (2010). Head Injuries. In: Trauma Biomechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03713-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03713-9_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03712-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03713-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation