Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is classically divided into upper and lower GI bleeding. Upper GI bleeding is defined as bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz, and lower GI bleeding is bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz.
Causes of upper GI bleeding include erosions or ulcers, esophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss tear, and neoplasms. Lower GI bleeding causes include diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, angiodysplasia, and neoplasms.
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For Further Reading
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Al-Tubaikh, J.A. (2010). Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. In: Al-Tubaikh, J.A. (eds) Internal Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03709-2_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03709-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03708-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03709-2
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