Abstract
Recent results of a mixed shell model heated asymmetrically by transient increases in nuclear burning indicate the transient generation of small ‘hot spots’ inside the Sun somewhere between 0.1 and 0.2 solar radii (Wolff, 2009). Similar hot bubbles are followed by a nonlinear differential equation system with finite amplitude non-homologous perturbations which is solved in a solar model. Our results show the possibility of a direct connection between the dynamic phenomena of the solar core and the atmospheric activity. Namely, already ΔQ0 ≈ 1031 – 1037 ergs initial heating is enough for a bubble to reach the outer convective zone. Actually, when a hot bubble is enveloped into a magnetic plasmoid, the maintenance of its integrity is enhanced and its surfacing facilitated. Our calculations show that a hot bubble can arrive into subphotospheric regions with ΔQfinal ≈ 1028 – 1034 ergs approaching the sound speed ∼ 10 km s − 1. We point out that the developing sonic boom transforms the shock front into accelerated particle beam injected upwards into the top of loop carried out by the hot bubble above its forefront traveling from the solar interior. As a result, a new approach to explain flare energetics had arisen, which, if confirmed, may yield a favorable approach over the best-yet, until now exclusively magnetic flare models. We show that the particle beams generated by energetic deep-origin hot bubbles in the subphotospheric layers have masses, energies, and chemical compositions in the observed range of solar chromospheric and coronal flares. It is shown how the emergence of a hot bubble into subphotospheric regions offers a natural mechanism that can generate both the eruption leading to the flare and the observed coronal magnetic topology for reconnection. We show a tentative list of yet unexplained facts that our model explains, and present a list of predictions for observations, some of which are planned to be realized in the near future.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, C. W. 1963, Astrophysical Quantities. Third Edition. University of London, The Athlone Press, 161.
Alfven, H. and Arrhenius, G. 1976, SP-345 Evolution of the Solar System, Chapter 15, http://history.nasa.gov/SP-345/ch15.htm#250.
Alfvén, H. 1968, Second approach to cosmical electrodynamics, Ann. Geophysiq ue 24: 1.
Archontis, V., Moreno-Insertis, F., Galsgaard, K., Hood, A. and O’Shea, E. 2004, A&A 426, 1047.
Bahcall, J. N. and Pinsonneault, M. H. 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 121301.
Bai, T., Hoeksema, J. T., and Scherrer, P. H. 1995, in Helioseismology. ESA SP (ed.), J.T. Hoeksema, V. Domingo, B. Fleck, and B. Battrick, p. 113.
Bai, T. A. 2002, AAS Meeting 200, No. 91.04.
Bai, T. 2003, ApJ 585, 1114.
Basu, S. and Antia, H. M. 2004, ApJ 605, L85.
Benevolenskaya, E. E. 1999, in: SOHO-9 Workshop Helioseismic Diagnostics of Solar Convection and Activity, Stanford, California, July 12–15, 1999.
Benz, A. O. 2001, Solar Flare Observations, in: Encycl. of Astron. & Astrophys., Editor-in-Chief, Paul Murdin, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia; Nature Publishing Group, London, New York and Tokyo, Vol. 3, 2529.
Bruzek, A. 1964, ApJ 140, 746.
Burgess, C., Dzhalilov, N. S., Maltoni, M., Rashba, T. I., Semikoz, V. B., Tortola, M. A., and Valle, J. W. F. 2003, ApJ 588, L65.
Caligari, P., Moreno-Insertis, F., and Schüssler, M. 1995, ApJ 441, 886.
Castenmiller, M. J., Zwaan, C., and van der Zalm, E. B. J. 1986, Sol. Phys. 105, 237.
Chang, T., Tam, S. W. Y., Wu, C.-C., and Consolini, G. 2003, Space Sci. Rev. 107, 425.
Chaplin, W. J., Elsworth, Y., Isaak, G. R., Miller, B. A., New, R., and Toutain, T. 2003, ApJ 582, L115.
Charbonneau, P. and MacGregor, B. 1992, ApJL 397, L63.
Choudhary, D. P., Suematsu, Y. and Ichimoto, K. 2003, Sol. Phys. 209, 349.
Craig, I. J. D. and McClymont, A. N. 1999, ApJ 510, 1045.
De Toma, G., White, O. R., and Harvey, K. L. 2000, ApJ 529, 1101.
Deliyannis, C. P., Boesgaard, A. M., Stephens, A., King, J. R., Vogt, S. S. and Keane, M. J. 1998, ApJ Letters 498, L147.
Deng, N., Xu, Y., Yang, G., Cao, W., Rimmele, T. R., Wang, H., and Denker, C. 2005, American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2005, abstract #SP51C-05.
Ehrlich, R. 2007, J. Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69, 759–766.
Feldman, V., Landi, E., and Laming, J. M. 2005, ApJ 619, 1142.
Fisher, G. H., Fan, Y., Longcope, D. W., Linton, M. G., and Pevtsov, A. A. 2000, Sol. Phys. 192, 119–139.
Fludra, A. and Schmelz, J. T. 1999, A&A 348, 286.
Forbes, T. G., Malherbe, J. M. and Priest, E. R. 1989, Sol. Phys. 120, 285, Fig. ??.
Forbes, T. G., and Malherbe, J. M. 1991, Sol. Phys. 135, 361.
Friedland, A. and Gruzinov, A. 2004, ApJ 601, 570.
Garcia, R. A., Turck-Chieze, S., Couvidat, S., Ballot, J., and Mathur, S. 2004 in: Semaine de l’Astrophysique Francaise, meeting held in Paris, France, June 14–18, 2004, (eds.), F. Combes, D. Barret, T. Contini, F. Meynadier and L. Pagani, EdP-Sciences, Conference Series, meeting abstract.
Gervino, G., Lavagno, A., and Quarati, P, 2001, Nucl. Phys. A688, 126.
Goossens, M. and Tayler, R. J. 1980, Monthly Notices R. A. S. 193, 833.
Goossens, M. and Veugelen, P. 1978, Astron. Astrophys. 70, 277.
Goossens, M. 2003, An Introduction to Plasma Astrophysics and Magnetohydrodynamics, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1, 15.
Gorbatsky, L. V. 1964, Astron. Zh. 41, 53 (in Russian; English translation in Soviet Astronomy-AJ, 1964, 8, 38).
Gough, D. O. and McIntyre, M. E. 1998, Nature 394, 755.
Green, L. M., Démoulin, P., Mandrini, C. H. and Van Driel-Gesztelyi, L. 2003, Sol. Phys. 215, 307.
Grandpierre, A. 1990, Sol. Phys. 128, 3.
Grandpierre, A. 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 308, 199.
Grandpierre, A. 1999, A&A 348, 993.
Grandpierre, A. and Ágoston, G. 2005, ApSS 298, 537.
Guzik, J. A., Watson, L. S. and Cox, A. N. 2005, ApJ 627, 1049–1056.
Haber, D. A., Toomre, J., Hill, F., and Gough, D. O. 1988, Proc. Symp. Seismology of the Sun and Sun-like Stars, Tenerife, Spain, 26–30 September 1988, ESA SP-286 (December 1988), 301.
Heyvaerts, J., Priest, E. R. and Rust, D. M. 1977, ApJ 216, 123.
Hirayama, T. 1974, Sol. Phys. 34, 323.
Hiremath, K. M. and Gokhale, M. H. 1995, ApJ 448, 437.
Hiremath, K. M. 2001, Bull. Astr. Soc. India 29, 169–181.
Hiremath, K. M. 2005a, personal communication.
Hiremath, K. M. 2005b, submitted to J. Astrophys. Astr.
Hiremath, K. M. 2009, Presented at the Fourth UN/ESA/NASA/JAXA Workshop on the International Heliophysical Year and Basic Space Science, Sozopol, Bulgaria, 2–6, June 2008.
Holman, G. D. 2003, ApJ 586, 605.
Hudson, H. S., and Khan, J. I. 1996, in: Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere (eds.), R. D. Bentley, and J. T. Mariska, ASP Conf. Ser. 111, 135.
Ishii, T. T., Kurokawa, H., and Takeuchi, T. T. 1998, ApJ 499, 898.
Ishii, T. T., Kurokawa, H. and Takeuchi, T. T. 2004, in: Stars as suns: activity, evolution and planets, Proc. of the 219th symposium of the I. A. U. (eds.), A. K. Dupree and A. O. Benz, San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), 2004, 693.
Ishii, T. T., Kurokawa, H. and Takeuchi, T. T. 2000, Publ. of the Astron. Soc. of Japan 52, 337.
Kane, S. R., McTiernan, J. M., and Hurley, K. 2005, A&A 433, 1133.
Kerridge, J. F. 1989, Science 265, 480.
Kerridge, J. F., Signer, P., Wieler, R., Becker, R. H., and Pepin, R. O. 1991, in: The sun in time. Tucson, AZ, University of Arizona Press, 389.
Kippenhahn, R. and Weigert, A. 1990, Stellar Structure and Evolution, Springer, 44.
Kleczek, J. 1964, in AAS-NASA Symposium on the Physics of Solar Flares, Washington 1963, NASA SP 50, 77.
Kosovichev, A. G., and Zharkova, V. V. 1998, Nature 393, 317.
Kosovichev, A. G. and Duvall, T. L. 2003, Amer. Geophys. Union, Fall Meeting 2003, abstract #SH22A-0186.
Kosovichev, A. G. and Duvall, T. L. 2004, American Astronomical Society Meeting 2004, #47.03.
Kosovichev, A. G. and Duvall, T. L. 2005, Amer. Geophys. Union, Spring Meeting 2005, abstract #SP51C-04.
Kosovichev, A. G., Duvall, T. L. and Scherrer, P. H. 2000, Sol. Phys. 192, 159.
Kucera, T. A., Dennis, B. R., Schwartz, R. A. and Shaw, D. 1997, 475, 338.
Kundu, M. R., Nindos, A., Vilmer, N., Klein, K.-L., Shibata, K. and Ohyama, M. 2001, ApJ 559, 443.
Kurokawa, H., Wang, T. and Ishii, T. T. 2002, ApJ 572, 598.
Li, J., Mickey, D. L. and And LaBonte, B. J. 2005, ApJ 620, 1092.
Lin, J. and Soon, W. 2004, New Astr. 9, 611.
Lin, J. 2005, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2005, abstract #SH11C-02.
Longcope, D. W. 2005, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2005, abstract #SH51D-05.
Machado, M. E. and Linsky, J. L. 1975, Sol. Phys. 42, 395.
Machado, M. E. 2001, Solar Flares: Impulsive Phase, in: Encyclopedia of Astron. Astrophys. Editor-in-Chief P. Murdin, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia; Nature Publishing Group, London, New York and Tokyo, Vol. 3, 2537.
Martin, S. F. 2004, American Astronomical Society Meeting 2004, #47.11.
Mason, G., Desai, M., Mazur, J., and Dwyer, J. 2005, in 35th COSPAR Sci. Assembly, 1596M.
Masuda, S. 2004, in: The Solar-B Mission and the Forefront of Solar Physics. ASP Conf. Ser. 325 (eds.), T. Sakurai and T. Sekii, 341.
Melrose, D. B. 1997, ApJ 486, 521.
Metcalf, T. R., Leka, K. D., and Mickey, D. L. 2005, ApJ 623, L53.
Meunier, N. and Kosovichev, A. 2003, A&A 412, 541.
Nagata, S., Bellot R. L. R. and Katsukawa, Y. 2006, ApJ 638, 539.
Nigro, G., Malara, F., and Veltri, P. 2005, ApJ 629, L133.
Ohyama, M., and Shibata, K. 2002, in: Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and dynamics – Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting (eds.), P. C. H. Martens, and D. Cauffman, Elsevier, 297.
Öpik, E. 1958, Irish Astron. J., 5, 36.
Orrall, F. Q. 1964, comment to the talk of Kleczek, in: AAS-NASA Symposium on the Physics of Solar Flares, Washington 1963, NASA SP 50, 79.
Paterno, L., Rapisarda, L., and Di Mauro, M. P. 1997, Astron. Astrophys. 322, 340.
Priest, E. R. 1995, in: Flares and Flashes, Proceedings of IAU Coll. 151, Sonneberg, Germany 1994 (eds.), Greiner, J., Duerbeck, H. W. and Gershberg, R. E., Lecture Notes in Physics 454, p. 3.
Priest, E. R. and Forbes, T. G. 2002, A&ARv 10, 313.
Ridpath, I. (ed.) 1997, A Dictionary of Astronomy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 450.
Rosenbluth, M. N. and Bahcall, J. N. 1973, ApJ, 184, 9.
Saint-Hilaire, P. and Benz, A. O. 2002, astro-ph/0210023.
Schrijver, C. J., Title, A. M., Berger, T. E., Fletcher, L., Hurlburt, N. E., Nightingale, R. W., Shine, R. A., Tarbell, T. D., Wolfson, J., Golub, L., Bookbinder, J. A., Deluca, E. E., McMullen, R. A., Warren, H. P., Kankelborg, C. C., Handy, B. N. and de Pontieu, B. 1999, Sol. Phys. 187, 261–302.
Schrijver, C. J., DeRosa, M. L., Title, A. M., and Metcalf, T. R. 2005, ApJ 628, 501.
Seely, J. F., Feldman, U., Doschek, G. A., Strong, K. T., Acton, L. W., Uchida, Y. and Tsuneta, S. 1994, In: Proceedings of Kofu Symposium, Kofu, Japan, 177.
Sewell, G. L. 1986, Quantum Theory of Collective Phenomena. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 4.
Spadaro, D., Billotta, S., Contarino, L., Romano, P. and Zuccarello, F. 2004, A&A 425, 309.
Spence, P., Walker, E. N., Halls, B., and Robertson, L. 1993, J. Br. Astron. Assoc. 103, 3.
Spruit, H. C. 2002, Astron. Astrophys. 381, 923.
Sterling, A. C., Doschek, G. A., and Feldman, U. 1993, ApJ 404, 394.
Sui, L. and Holman, G. D. 2003, ApJ 596, L251.
Sui, L., Holman, G. D., White, S. M., and Zhang, J. 2005, ApJ 633, 1175.
Svestka, S. 1968, in: Mass motions in solar flares and Related Phenomena. Proc. of the 9th Nobel Symposium (ed.), Y. Oehman, Stockholm: Almqvist &Wiksell, and New York: Wiley, 1968, 17.
Tayler, R. J. 1973, Monthly Notices R. A. S. 161, 365.
Toutain, T. and Kosovichev, A. G. 2001, in: Proc. SOHO 10/GONG 2000 Workshop, ‘Helio- and Asteroseismology at the Dawn of the Milleneum’. Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, 2–6 October 2000 (ESA SP-464, January 2001), 123.
Tsuneta, S., Hara, H., Shimizu, T., Acton, L. W., Strong, K. T., Hudson, H. S., and Ogawara, Y. 1992, Publs. Astron. Soc. Japan 44, L63.
Tsuneta, S. 1993, in: The Magnetic and Velocity Fields of Solar Active Regions, ASP Conference Series 46, 1993, (eds.), H. Zirin, G. Ai and H. Wang, 239
Tsuneta, S. 1997, ApJ 483, 507.
Tsytovich, V. N. 1970, Nonlinear Effects in Plasma. Plenum Press, New York London, 1.
Turck-Chieze, S. 2001, in: Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Editor in-Chief Paul Murdin, Vol. 3, IOP Publ. Bristol, 2616.
Turck-Chieze, S., Garcia, R. A., Couvidat, S., Ulrich, R. G., Bertello, L., Varadi, F., Kosovichev, A. G., Gabriel, A. H., Berthomieu, G., Brun, A. S., Lopes, I., Pallé, P., Provost, J., Robillot, J. M., and Roca-Cortes, T. 2004, ApJ 604: 455–468.
Yamaguchi, K, Sakurai, T., Irie, M., Kumagai, K., Hagino, M., Miyashita, M., Shiomi, Y. and Hiei, E. 2003, Report of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 6, 101.
Uchida, Y. and Shibata, K. 1988, Sol. Phys. 116, 291.
Veronig, A. M., Brown, J. C., and Bone, L. 2005, Adv. Sp. Res. 35, 1683.
Waljeski, K., Moses, D., Dere, K. P., Saba, J. L. R., Strong, K. T., Webb, D. F., and Zarro, D. M. 1994, ApJ 429, 909.
Wang, Q. L., Chen, Y. T., Cui, D. X., and Wang, W. P. 2004, in: Intern. Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Special Volume, Earthquake, Hazard, Risk, and Strong Ground Motion, (eds.), Y. T. Chen, G. T. Panza, and Z. L. Wu, Seismological Press, 151, http://www.icce.ac.cn/ shr_iaspei/docs/iugg_special_volume/iugg_p010_Wang.pdf.
Wang, H., Qiu, J., Jing, J., Spirock, T. J., Yurchyshyn, V., Abramenko, V., Ji, H. and Goode, P. R. 2004, ApJ 605, 931.
Wang, H. 2005, American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2005, abstract #SH53B-01.
Wheatland, M. S. and Metcalf, T. R. 2006, ApJ 636, 1151.
Warwick, J. W. 1962, Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 74, 302.
Wolff, C. L. 2009, ApJ, 701, 686–697.
Zahn, J.-P. 2001, in: Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Editor-in-Chief Paul Murdin, Vol. 3, IOP Publ. Bristol, 2563.
Zhang, H. 2001, A&A 372, 676.
Zirin, H. 1988, Astrophysics of the Sun, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 48, 402.
Zwaan, C. 1992, in: Sunspots: Theory and Observations,, (eds.), Thomas, J. H. and Weiss, N. O., Kluwer, 75.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Grandpierre, A. (2010). Dynamism in the Solar Core. In: Haubold, H., Mathai, A. (eds) Proceedings of the Third UN/ESA/NASA Workshop on the International Heliophysical Year 2007 and Basic Space Science. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03325-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03325-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03388-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03325-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)