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Applications of Fiber Gratings in Chemical and Biochemical Sensing

  • Chapter
Optical Guided-wave Chemical and Biosensors II

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors ((SSSENSORS,volume 8))

Abstract

The basic idea of using fiber gratings for chemical and biochemical sensing is presented in this chapter. The physical nature and practical applications of regular and tilted fiber Bragg (FBG) as well as long-period (LPG) gratings and the associated LPG-based interferometers are discussed. Sensitivity characteristics and methods of fabrication are considered. Various chemical and biochemical sensing applications are described and compared.

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Abbreviations

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNP:

Dinitrophenyl compound

FBG:

Fiber Bragg grating

FM:

Fundamental mode

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HOCM:

Higher-order cladding mode

ISAM:

Ionic self-assembled multilayers

LPG:

Long-period grating

MSFBG:

Microstructured FBG

MSOF:

Microstructured optical fibers

OSA:

Optical spectrum analyzer

PAH:

Poly(alamine hydrochlodride)

POC:

Point-of-care

PVA–PAA:

Polyvynil alcohol–polyacrylic acid

RIU:

Refractive index unit

SDM:

Space division multiplexing

SRI:

Surrounding refractive index

TAP:

Turnaround point

TDM:

Time division multiplexing

TFBG:

Tilted fiber Bragg grating

UV:

Ultraviolet

WDM:

Wavelength division multiplexing

b :

Radius of fiber cladding

J 0 :

Bessel function

N :

Number of pitches along a grating

n :

Higher refractive index of the periodic structure

n 0 :

Lower refractive index of the periodic structure

n 1 :

Fiber core refractive index

n 2 :

Fiber cladding refractive index

n a :

Ambient refractive index (SRI)

n′ a :

Ambient refractive index (SRI) after a change δn a is introduced

n air :

Refractive index of air

n c :

Effective refractive index of the fundamental core mode

n cl :

Effective refractive index of the higher-order cladding mode

n e :

Effective refractive index of the fiber

n e,i :

Effective refractive index of the core mode at λ i

n i :

Effective refractive index of the cladding mode at λ i

n m :

Effective refractive index of the m-th HOCM of an LPG

β c :

Propagation constant of the fundamental core mode

β cl :

Propagation constant of the higher-order cladding core mode

δn a :

A change in the SRI

Λ:

Actual pitch length for a straight LPG or effective pitch length in a tilted LPG

Λg :

Actual pitch length in tilted LPG

λ:

Wavelength

λB :

Resonance Bragg wavelength

λ i :

Resonance wavelengths of the HOCMs of a TFBG

λ m,LPG :

LPG resonance wavelength corresponding to the m-th HOCM

δλ :

Center wavelength shift

Δλ :

Finite center wavelength shift

K ε :

FBG strain sensitivity coefficient

K T :

FBG temperature sensitivity coefficient

K p :

FBG pressure sensitivity coefficient

K ε,m :

LPG strain sensitivity coefficient for the m-th HOCM

K T,m :

LPG temperature sensitivity coefficient for the m-th HOCM

K p,m :

LPG pressure sensitivity coefficient for the m-th HOCM

K b,m :

LPG bending sensitivity coefficient for the m-th HOCM

K τ,m :

LPG sensitivity coefficient to torsion for the m-th HOCM

K n,m :

LPG sensitivity coefficient to SRI for the m-th HOCM

S ε :

Strain sensitivity

S T :

Temperature sensitivity

S p :

Pressure sensitivity

u ∞ :

The m-th root of the Bessel function J 0

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physics, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria

    Tinko Eftimov

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  1. GDG Environnement Ltée, 430, rue St-Laurent, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, G8T 6H3, Canada

    Mohammed Zourob

  2. INRS Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada

    Mohammed Zourob

  3. Dept. Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, SA, 16802, USA

    Akhlesh Lakhtakia

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Eftimov, T. (2010). Applications of Fiber Gratings in Chemical and Biochemical Sensing. In: Zourob, M., Lakhtakia, A. (eds) Optical Guided-wave Chemical and Biosensors II. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02827-4_6

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