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Suizid und Religiosität

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Psychotherapie und Spiritualität

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Zusammenfassung

Seit 2007 steigt in Deutschland die Suizidrate wieder an, nachdem sie nach 1980 kontinuierlich abgenommen hatte. Im Jahre 2011 starben in ganz Deutschland 10.144 Menschen durch Selbsttötung, das sind 12,4 Menschen je 100.000 Einwohner. 1980 hingegen starben in der BRD noch 20,9 Personen je 100.000 Einwohner durch Selbstmord, in der DDR sogar 33,3 auf 100.000 Einwohner. Recht deutlich formuliert die WHO die Häufigkeit der Suizide: „According to WHO estimates, in the year 2000, approximately one million people died from suicide, and 10 to 20 times more people attempted suicide worldwide. This represents one death every 40 seconds and one attempt every 3 seconds, on average.“ (WHO 2000) Alle drei Sekunden wird also ein Suizidversuch durchgeführt, der in 7 Prozent der Fälle tödlich endet. Etwa 1 Mio. Menschen sterben weltweit jährlich durch ihre eigene Hand: wesentlich mehr als durch Kriege oder durch Verkehrsunfälle. In der Europäischen Union starben nach einer Meldung der EU-Kommission aus dem Jahr 2005 jährlich 58.000 Menschen durch Selbsttötung, im Vergleich zu 50.700 Verkehrstoten und 5350 Opfern von Gewaltverbrechen. Suizide sind in allen Ländern der Erde unter den drei häufigsten Todesursachen der 15- bis 34-Jährigen. In allen Ländern sind Frauen deutlich weniger gefährdet als Männer. Weitere bekannte Risikofaktoren neben dem männlichen Geschlecht sind Alter (Ältere mehr gefährdet), Familienstand (Geschiedene mehr gefährdet), Arbeitslosigkeit und Religiosität (Areligiöse stärker gefährdet). Dem letzten Faktor ist dieses Kapitel gewidmet.

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  1. Sigmund-Freud Universität, Wien, Austria

    Raphael M. Bonelli

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Bonelli, R. (2014). Suizid und Religiosität. In: Psychotherapie und Spiritualität. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02523-5_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02523-5_13

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