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Neurogene Muskelveränderungen und -erkrankungen

  • Chapter
Pathologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Einflüsse des Nervensystems auf den Skelettmuskel sind vielfältig. Heredodegenerative Erkrankungen des peripheren motorischen Neurons mit progressiver "spinaler" oder "neuraler" Muskelatrophie sind zu unterscheiden von nicht-hereditären, traumatischen, entzündlichen u. a. Schädigungen des peripheren motorischen Neurons. Auch Schädigungen des peripheren und zentralen Neurons oder nur des zentralen motorischen Neurons sowie des extrapyramidalmotorischen Systems bzw. übergeordneter Zentren der Tonusregulation bewirken Veränderungen im Muskel. Außerdem bleiben Störungen der sensorischen Afferenz, d. h. der peripheren und zentralen reflektorischen Kontrollmechanismen, nicht ohne Auswirkungen. Umgekehrt führen Muskelfasernekrosen und andere Veränderungen an den Muskelfasern selbst zu Rückwirkungen auf das Nervensystem, insbesondere auf die Nervenendigungen und die sog. terminale und ultraterminale Innervation. Schließlich kommt es bei Regenerations- und Reinnervationsvorgängen zu komplexen funktionellen und strukturellen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Nervensystem und Muskel, die noch nicht in allen Details aufgeklärt sind.

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  1. Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    J. Michael Schröder

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  1. Institut für Pathologie Konsultationszentrum für Pankreas- und Endokrine Tumore, TU München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    Günter Klöppel (Werkherausgeber) (Werkherausgeber)

  2. Zentrum Pathologie und Rechtsmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    Hans H. Kreipe (Werkherausgeber) (Werkherausgeber)

  3. Institut für Pathologie, Kliniken der Landeshauptstadt, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Remmele (Werkherausgeber) (Werkherausgeber)

  4. Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstraße 19, 48149, Münster, Deutschland

    Werner Paulus (Bandherausgeber) (Bandherausgeber)

  5. Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    J. Michael Schröder (Bandherausgeber) (Bandherausgeber)

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Schröder, J. (2012). Neurogene Muskelveränderungen und -erkrankungen. In: Klöppel, G., Kreipe, H., Remmele, W., Paulus, W., Schröder, J. (eds) Pathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02324-8_40

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