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HIV Interactions with Host Cell Proteins pp 1–25Cite as

Host Restriction of HIV-1 by APOBEC3 and Viral Evasion Through Vif

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 339))

Abstract

The arms race between virus and host is a constant battle. APOBEC3 proteins are known to be potent innate cellular defenses against both endogenous retroelements and diverse retroviruses. However, retroviruses have developed their own methods to launch counter-strikes. Most primate lentiviruses encode a protein called the viral infectivity factor (Vif). Vif induces targeted destruction of APOBEC3 proteins by hijacking the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here we review the research that led up to the identification of A3G, the mechanisms by which APOBEC3 proteins can inhibit retroelements, and the counter-mechanisms that HIV-1 Vif has developed to evade its antiviral activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Anna Maria Niewiadomska & Xiao-Fang Yu

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  1. Anna Maria Niewiadomska
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  2. Xiao-Fang Yu
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Correspondence to Xiao-Fang Yu .

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  1. School of Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, Emory University, Uppergate Drive NE., 2015, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, USA

    Paul Spearman

  2. HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Eric O. Freed

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Niewiadomska, A.M., Yu, XF. (2009). Host Restriction of HIV-1 by APOBEC3 and Viral Evasion Through Vif. In: Spearman, P., Freed, E. (eds) HIV Interactions with Host Cell Proteins. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 339. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02175-6_1

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