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Optical Metamaterials: Invisibility in Visible and Nonlinearities in Reverse

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Book cover Nonlinearities in Periodic Structures and Metamaterials

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 150))

Abstract

Recent experimental demonstrations of optical metamaterials opened up an entirely new branch of modern optics that can be described as “refractive index engineering” [1–20]. The refractive index of a material is the factor by which an electromagnetic wave is slowed down, compared with a vacuum, when it propagates inside the material. The material properties of conventional materials are largely controlled by the properties of their constituent components, viz., atoms and molecules. Their refractive indices can be modified to some degree by altering material chemical composition, using thermal or electrical tuning, or through nonlinear optical effects. Nevertheless, a majority of existing materials possesses positive, and typically greater than one, index of refraction. In contrast, meta-materials provide almost unlimited opportunities for designing the refractive index through a careful engineering of their constituent components, or meta-atoms. Several examples of engineered optical structures, including magnetic metamaterial and negative index metamaterials (NIMs), are shown in Fig. 13.1. Moreover, metamaterial properties can be tuned [21,22] and even controlled on a level of a single meta-atom [23]. Basic properties of optical metamaterials will be reviewed in Section 13.1. Additional design flexibility provided by metamaterials (discussed in Section 13.2) gives rise to new linear and nonlinear optical properties, functionalities, and applications unattainable with conventional materials. In this chapter, we discuss two examples of refractive index engineering in metamaterials that results in truly fascinating phenomena.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 309 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA

    Natalia M. Litchinitser

  2. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA

    Vladimir M. Shalaev

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  1. Inst. Angewandte Physik, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 2-4, Münster, 48149, Germany

    Cornelia Denz

  2. MPI für Physik Komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, Dresden, 01187, Sachsen, Germany

    Sergej Flach

  3. Research School of Physical Sciences &, Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Yuri S. Kivshar

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Litchinitser, N.M., Shalaev, V.M. (2010). Optical Metamaterials: Invisibility in Visible and Nonlinearities in Reverse. In: Denz, C., Flach, S., Kivshar, Y. (eds) Nonlinearities in Periodic Structures and Metamaterials. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 150. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02066-7_13

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