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Role of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase in Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis

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Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement

Abstract

Rhizobia form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia which can be utilized by host legume plants. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is important not only for the production of protein-rich legumes but also to improve the fertility of soils. Nodulation in the roots of legumes is regarded as an initiating event in the onset of N2 fixation. Inhibition of nodulation restricts the N2-fixing ability of legumes, which may occur due to variety of reasons. For instance, ethylene, as a stress hormone, inhibits nodulation in legumes. However, its action is naturally offset by an enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, produced by rhizobia. This enzyme cleaves plant-produced ACC into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate thereby lowering the ethylene level. As a consequence of decreased ethylene levels, nodulation is increased. Moreover, the ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria including symbiotic N2 fixers reduce the physiological damage to plants caused by other environmental factors. In this chapter, the focus is to understand how the rhizobial ACC deaminase lowers the ethylene level in legumes and overcomes the inhibitory effects of ethylene on nodulation. The strategy adopted by rhizobial species to promote nodulation by adjusting ethylene levels could be exploited as an effective tool for legume improvement in different agro-ecological niches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SA, Saudi Arabia

    Javed Musarrat, Abdulaziz A Al Khedhairy & Saud Al-Arifi

  2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

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  1. Javed Musarrat
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  2. Abdulaziz A Al Khedhairy
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  3. Saud Al-Arifi
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  4. Mohammad Saghir Khan
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Correspondence to Javed Musarrat .

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  1. Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan , Almas Zaidi  & Javed Musarrat ,  & 

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Musarrat, J., Al Khedhairy, A.A., Al-Arifi, S., Khan, M.S. (2009). Role of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase in Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis. In: Khan, M.S., Zaidi, A., Musarrat, J. (eds) Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01979-1_4

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