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Tip–Sample Interactions as a Function of Distance on Insulating Surfaces

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Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy

Part of the book series: NanoScience and Technology ((NANO))

Abstract

Recent advances in the measurement methods of scanning force microscopy (SFM) in the dynamic mode allow experimental access to site-specific short range forces. Either the tip is moved to a particular site, or the full three-dimensional frequency shift field of the oscillating tip is recorded while scanning a small surface area. Then the frequency shift is converted to force, and the long-range forces are fit by models and subtracted. The remaining short-range forces measured on a well- known surface CaF2 (111) can be used to learn more about the tip structure and chemical composition. On NaCl (001)-type crystal surfaces, where there is a complete symmetry of the local distribution of the positive and negative charge, the measurement of the force as a function of distance allows to unambiguously identify the positively and negatively charged sublattices on the surface. If additionally, the full three-dimensional force field is measured, information about the chemical nature of the tip-terminating cluster and about lateral forces are obtained. SFM measurements of site-specific force–distance curves further allow a deeper insight into mechanisms of energy dissipation at tips and surfaces.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physikalisches Institut and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, University of Karlsruhe, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Regina Hoffmann

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  1. Regina Hoffmann
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Correspondence to Regina Hoffmann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and, Osaka University, Yamada-Oka 2-1, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

    Seizo Morita

  2. Institut für Experimentelle und, Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93053, Germany

    Franz J. Giessibl

  3. FB Physik, Inst. Angewandte Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 11, Hamburg, 20355, Germany

    Roland Wiesendanger

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Hoffmann, R. (2009). Tip–Sample Interactions as a Function of Distance on Insulating Surfaces. In: Morita, S., Giessibl, F., Wiesendanger, R. (eds) Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01495-6_4

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