Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

New Directions in Regional Economic Development pp 1–33Cite as

Innovation, Dynamic Regions and Regional Dynamics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Spatial Science ((ADVSPATIAL))

Abstract

The development of economic theory after World War II has focused on clarifying the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an idealized general equilibrium. Debreu (1956), Arrow and Hahn (1971), and Scarf and Hansen (1973) established these conditions, building on earlier attempts by Cassel (1917) and Wald (1933–34, 1934–35). A key assumption in the formulation and proofs of the existence of a general equilibrium of a competitive economy is a large (or even infinite) number of buyers and sellers (Aumann 1964), which ensures anonymous markets and mutual independence of agents. Another assumption is the convexity of preference and production technology sets (Uzawa 1962). A third assumption is flexible pricing of goods and production factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Since people and firms are highly concentrated in space of course we would not expect innovation to be randomly distributed across space. The problem is that we need a priori to formulate a null hypothesis about, what would constitute an “even distribution” (see Glaeser and Ellison 1997; Duranton and Overman 2005).

  2. 2.

    The same is true of new scientific knowledge.

  3. 3.

    This implies that product innovations in one industry often show up as process innovations in one or several other industries. What is a product or a process innovation depends upon the perspective taken in the analysis. In the case of consumer goods there is normally no need to make this type of distinction.

  4. 4.

    In Johansson (1993c), a quasi-dynamic model is applied to estimate how the economic milieu in municipalities influences the production in different manufacturing industries (see also, Johansson et al. 1991; Johansson and Karlsson 1994; Forslund and Johansson 1995).

  5. 5.

    The study by Holmberg and Johansson (1992) indicates, for example, that service sectors, such as wholesale, transportation, consulting and financial services are concentrated in municipalities in which the infrastructure facilitates interpersonal contacts and mobility.

  6. 6.

    A number of recent empirical studies illustrate the importance of “economic density” in functional regions (Ciccone and Hall 1996; Johansson 1996; Johansson et al. 1998; Karlsson and Pettersson 2005).

  7. 7.

    However, there are factors, which limit the growth of cities. Otherwise, cities would grow continuously. There are costs which rise with city size, most obviously prices (space in particular), and some external costs like congestion and pollution. Also probably, crime rises with city size.

  8. 8.

    The continual self-reorganizing and evolution of the global spatial economy at a macro scale can also be analyzed by applying the “new economic geography approach” (Fujita and Mori 1998).

  9. 9.

    For example, the “flying geese model” proposed by Fujita and Mori (1998) can be considered as a special case of the more general lead–lag model.

  10. 10.

    The lead–lag model does not apply to activities, which have to be harvested in the region where they are located. The location of such production is analysed by standard location advantage models, where the comparative advantages are of Ricardo type.

References

  • Andersson ÅE (1985) Kreativitet: Storstadens framtid. Prisma, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson ÅE (1986) The four logistical revolutions. Pap Reg Sci Assoc 59:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson ÅE, Andersson DE (eds) (2000) Gateways to the global economy. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson ÅE, Johansson B (1984a) Knowledge intensity and product cycles in metropolitan regions, WP-84-13. IIASA, Laxenburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson ÅE, Johansson B (1984b) Industrial dynamics, product cycles, and employment structure, WP-84-9. IIASA, Laxenburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson AE, Marksjö B (1972) General equilibrium models for allocation in space under interdependence and increasing returns of scale. Reg Urban Econ 2:133–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arrow KJ, Hahn F (1971) General competitive analysis. Holden-Day, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Aumann R (1964) Markets with a continuum of traders. Econometrica 32:39–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydalot P (1984) Reversal of spatial trends in French industry since 1974. In: Lambooy JG (ed) New spatial dynamics and economic crisis, IRPA Yearbook 1984. Finn, Tampere, pp 41–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Batten D, Johansson B (1989) Dynamics of product substitution. In: Andersson ÅE et al (eds) Advances in spatial theory and dynamics. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 23–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann M (1952) A continuous model of transportation. Econometrica 20:643–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann M (1956) Studies in the economics of transportation. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann M (1958) City hierarchies and the distribution of city sizes. Econ Dev Cult Change 6:243–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann M (1996) The location of market oriented industries in a growing economy. Paper presented at the 5th World Congress of the RSAI in Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann M, Puu T (1985) Spatial economics: density, potential and flow. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Benassy J-P (1975) Neo-Keynesian disequilibrium theory in a monetary economy. Rev Econ Stud 42:503–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camagni R, Diappi L, Leonardi G (1986) Urban growth and decline in a hierarchical system – a supply oriented dynamic approach. Reg Sci Urban Econ 16:145–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel G (1917) Dyrtid och sedelöfverflöd. PA Norstedt, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain E (1936) The theory of monopolistic competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciccone A, Hall RE (1996) Productivity and the density of economic activity. Am Econ Rev 86:54–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Debreu G (1956) Market equilibrium. Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers, 10, vol 42. Cowles Foundation, Yale University, New Haven, CT, pp 876–878

    Google Scholar 

  • Duranton G, Overman HG (2005) Detailed location patterns of UK manufacturing industries. London School of Economics, London (mimeo)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer MM, Johansson B (1994) Networks for process innovation by firms: conjectures from observations in three countries. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Westin L (eds) Patterns of a network economy. Springer, Berlin, pp 261–274

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Forslund UM (1996) Industrial location – interregional leads and lags in Sweden and Norway, Working Paper No. 1. Swedish Institute for Regional Research, Östersund

    Google Scholar 

  • Forslund UM (1997) Studies of multi-regional interdependencies and change, Licentiate Thesis. Division of Regional Planning, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Forslund UM, Johansson B (1995) Assessing road investments: accessibility changes. Cost benefit and production effect. Ann Reg Sci 29:155–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forslund UM, Johansson B (1998) Specialization dynamics in a system of functional regions. Paper presented at the western regional science meeting in Monterey, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank CR (1969) Production theory and indivisible commodities. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M, Mori T (1998) On the dynamics of frontier economies: endogenous growth or self-organization of a dissipative system. Ann Reg Sci 32:39–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glaeser E, Ellison G (1997) Geographic concentration in US manufacturing industries: a dartboard approach. J Polit Econ 105:889–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhut ML (1971) A theory of the firm in economic space. Austin, Austin, TX

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker RC, Johansson B, Karlsson C (2004) Emerging market economies in an integrating europe – an introduction. In: Hacker RC, Johansson B, Karlsson C (eds) Emerging market economies and European economic integration. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch S (1967) Location of industry and international competitiveness. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg I, Johansson B (1992), Growth of production, migration of jobs and spatial infrastructure, Working Paper 1992-6, Regional Planning, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg I, Johansson B, Strömquist U (2003) A simultaneous model of long-term regional job and population changes. In: Andersson ÅE, Johansson B, Andersson WP (eds) The economics of disappearing distance. Ashgate, Aldershot, pp 161–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotelling H (1929) Stability and competition. Econ J 39:41–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isard W (1956) Location and space-economy. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs J (1969) The economy of cities. Vintage, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1978) Contributions to sequential analysis of oligopolistic competition. Dissertation, Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1985) Dynamics of metropolitan processes and policies. Scand Housing Plann Res 2:115–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1987) Technological vintages and substitution processes. In: Batten D, Casti J, Johansson B (eds) Economic evolution and structural adjustment. Springer, Berlin, pp 145–165

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1989a) Metropolitan nodes in the innovation networks of the Nordic economies. In: The long term futures of regional policy – a Nordic View, Report on a joint NordREFO/OECD Seminar, Borgå, pp 98–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1989b) Economic development and networks for spatial interaction, CERUM Working Paper 1989:28. Umeå University, Umeå

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1990a) Innovation processes in the urban network of export and import nodes: a Swedish example. In: Nijkamp P (ed) Sustainability of Urban Systems. Avebury, Alderhot, pp 219–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1990b) Det osynliga handslaget. Ekonomiska nätverks organisation och självorganisation. In: Karlqvist A (ed) Nätverk. Teorier och begrepp i samhällsvetenskapen. Gidlunds, Värnamo, pp 60–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1991a) Transportation infrastructure, productivity and growth. In: Thord R (ed) The future of transportation and communication. Swedish National Road Administration, Borlänge, pp 163–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1991b) Economic networks and self-organization. In: Bergman E, Maier G, Tödtling F (eds) Regions reconsidered. Economic networks, innovation, and local development in industrialized countries. Mansell, London, pp 17–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1993a) Ekonomisk dynamik i Europa. Nätverk för handel, kunskaps-import och innovationer. Liber-Hermods, Malmö

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1993b) Economic evolution and urban infrastructure dynamics. In: Andersson ÅE et al (eds) The cosmo-creative society. Springer, Berlin, pp 151–175

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1993c) Infrastructure, accessibility and economic growth. Int J Transport Econ 20:131–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1996) Location attributes and dynamics of job location. J Infrastructure Plann Manage 530(IV-30):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1997) Regional differentials in the development of economy and population. In: Sörensen C (ed) Empirical evidence of regional growth: the centre–periphery discussion. The Expert Committee of the Danish Ministry of the Interior, Copenhagen, pp 107–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1998a) Infrastructure and economic milieu: Swedish contributions 1960–1995. In: Lundqvist L, Mattsson L-G, Kim TJ (eds) Network infrastructure and the urban environment. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–52

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (1998b) Economic milieu, specialization and location dynamics. In: Reggiani A (ed) Accessibility, trade and location behaviour. Ashgate, Aldershot, pp 121–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (2005) Parsing the menagerie of agglomeration and network externalities. In: Karlsson C, Johansson B, Stough RR (eds) Industrial clusters and inter-firm networks. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 107–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B (2006) Spatial clusters of ICT industries. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough RR (eds) The emerging digital economy. Entrepreneurship, clusters and policy. Springer, Berlin, pp 137–167

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Andersson ÅE (1998) Schloss Laxenburg model of product cycle development. In: Beckmann MJ et al (eds) Knowledge and networks in a dynamic economy. Springer, Berlin, pp 181–219

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Holmberg I (1982) A regional study of the distribution of vintages and profits of industrial establishments: a stochastic transition model. In: Albegov M, Andersson ÅE, Snickars F (eds) Regional development modelling: theory and practice. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 215–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (1986) Industrial applications of information technology: speed of introduction and labour force competence. In: Nijkamp P (ed) Technological change, employment and spatial dynamics. Springer, Berlin, pp 401–428

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (1987) Processes of industrial change: scale, location and type of job. In: Fischer MM, Nijkamp P (eds) Regional labour markets. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 139–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (1990a) Stadsregioner i Europa, SOU 1990:34. Allmänna förlaget, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (1990b) Evolving technological patterns in a Nordic perspective: an introduction to the volume. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C (eds) Innovation, industrial knowledge and trade. A Nordic perspective. CERUM and Institute for Futures Studies, Umeå, pp 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (1994) Transportation infrastructure for the Mälar region. Reg Stud 28:169–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (2001) Geographic transaction costs and specialisation opportunities of small and medium-sized regions: scale economies and market extension. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough RR (eds) Theories of endogenous regional growth – lessons for regional policies. Springer, Berlin, pp 150–180

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C (2003) Växande branscher – om Stockholmsregionens samspel med övriga landet, Storstadspolitik 8:2003. Regionplane- och trafikkontoret, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Lööf H (2006) Globala FoU-företag I Sverige. Vilken betydelse har de för ekonomins utvecklingskraft? In: Johansson D, Karlsson N (eds) Svensk utvecklingskraft. Ratio, Stockholm, pp 127–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Marksjö B (1984) Interactive system for regional analysis of industrial sectors. In: Nijkamp P, Rietveld P (eds) Information systems for integrated regional planning. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 231–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Quigley J (2004) Agglomeration and networks in spatial economics. Pap Reg Sci 83:165–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Snickars F (1992) Infrastruktur, BT33:1992, Byggforskningsrådet, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Strömquist U (1981) Rigidities in the process of structural economic change. Reg Sci Urban Econ 11:336–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Strömquist U (1986) Teknikspridning och importsubstitution – Stockholmsregionens roll för svensk teknikförnyelse, Rapport 1986 nr 7:2. Länsstyrelsen i Stockholms län, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Westin L (1994) Revealing network properties of Sweden’s trade with Europe. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Westin L (eds) Patterns of a network economy. Springer, Berlin, pp 125–141

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B et al (1991) Infrastruktur och produktivitet, Expertutredning Nr 9 till Produktivitetsdelegationen. Allmänna Förlaget, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Strömquist U, Åberg P (1998) Regioner, handel och tillväxt. RTK, Stockholms läns landsting, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough RR (2006) Entrepreneurship, clusters and policy in the emerging digital economy. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough RR (eds) The emerging digital economy. Entrepreneurship, clusters and policy. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson C (1988) Innovation adoption and the product life cycle. Umeå economic studies no. 185. University of Umeå, Umeå

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson C, Johansson B (2006) Towards a dynamic theory for the spatial knowledge economy. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough RR (eds) Entrepreneurship and dynamics in the knowledge economy. London, Routledge, pp 12–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson C, Pettersson L (2005) Regional productivity and accessibility to knowledge and dense markets. CESIS working paper 32. Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson C, Johansson B, Stough RR (2005) Industrial clusters and inter-firm networks – an introduction. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough RR (eds) Industrial clusters and inter-firm networks. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes JM (1936) The general theory of employment interest and money. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Krugman P (1991) Geography and trade. MIT, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster K (1971) Consumer demand – a new approach. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Launhardt CWF (1872) Kommercielle Tracirung der Verkehrswege. Zeitschrift des Architecten- und Ingenieur-Vereins Hannover 18:515–534

    Google Scholar 

  • Launhardt CWF (1882) Die Bestimmung des Zweckmässigsten Standortes einer Gewerblichen Anlage. Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure 26:105–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Lösch A (1954) The economics of location. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Maillat D, Crevoisier O, Lecoq B (1993) Innovation networks and territorial dynamics: a tentative typology. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Westin L (eds) Patterns of a network economy. Springer, Berlin, pp 33–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall A (1920) Principles of economics. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills ES, Carlino G (1989) Dynamics of county growth. In: Andersson ÅE, Batten DF, Johansson B (eds) Advances in spatial theory and dynamics. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 195–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriarty B (1991) Urban systems, industrial restructuring and the spatio-temporal diffusion of manufacturing employment. Environ Plann A 23:1571–1588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moroney JR, Walker JM (1966) A regional test of the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem. J Polit Econ 74:573–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson RR, Winter SG (1982) An evolutionary theory of economic change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohlin B (1933) Interregional and international trade. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Palander TF (1935) Beiträge zur Standortstheorie. Almqvist and Wicksell, Uppsala

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarf HE, Hansen T (1973) The computation of economic equilibria. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer FM (1984) Innovation and growth – Schumpeterian perspectives. MIT, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter JA (1908) Das Wesen und der Hauptinhalt der Theoretischen Nationalökonomie. Duncker&Humblot, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter JA (1934) The theory of economic development. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith B (1975) Regional specialization and trade in the UK. Scott J Polit Econ 22:39–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teubal M, Zuscovitch E (1994) Demand revealing and knowledge differentiation through network evolution. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Westin L (eds) Patterns of a network economy. Springer, Berlin, pp 15–31

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson WR (1969) The economic base of urban problems. In: Chamberlain NW (ed) Contemporary economic issues. Pichard Irving, Homewood, IL, pp 1–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen J (1967) The hierarchy model of the size distribution of centres. Pap Reg Sci Assoc 20:65–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Uzawa H (1962) Aggregative convexity and the existence of competitive equilibrium. Econ Stud Q 12:52–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Uzawa H (1976) Disequilibrium analysis and Keynes’s general theory

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon R (1960) Metropolis 1985. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Thünen JH (1826) Der isolierte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie. Perthes, Hamburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Wald A (1933–34) Über die Eindeutige positive Lösbarkeit der neuen Produktionsgleichungen. Ergebnisse eines Mathematischen Kolloquiums 6:12–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Wald A (1934–35) Über die Produktionsgleichungen der ökonomischen Wertlehre. Ergebnisse eines Mathematischen Kolloquiums 7:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber A (1929) Theory of the location of industries. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jönköping International Business School Department of Economics, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan 5, 55318, Jönköping, Sweden

    Charlie Karlsson & Åke E. Andersson

  2. Geography & Environment Department, London School of Economics, Houghton St., London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom

    Paul Cheshire

  3. George Mason University, 4400 University Drive MS 6D5, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Professor R. R. Stough (Vice President for Research and Economic Development)

Authors
  1. Charlie Karlsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Åke E. Andersson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul Cheshire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Professor R. R. Stough
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. R. Stough .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jönköping Int. Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, 551 11, Sweden

    Charlie Karlsson

  2. Jönköping Int. Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, 551 11, Sweden

    Ake E. Andersson

  3. Dept. Geography & Environment, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom

    Paul C. Cheshire

  4. School of Public Policy, George Mason University, University Drive 4400, Fairfax, 22030, U.S.A.

    Roger R. Stough

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Karlsson, C., Andersson, Å.E., Cheshire, P., Stough, R.R. (2009). Innovation, Dynamic Regions and Regional Dynamics. In: Karlsson, C., Andersson, A., Cheshire, P., Stough, R. (eds) New Directions in Regional Economic Development. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01017-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01017-0_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01016-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01017-0

  • eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation