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Diversität und Funktionen von Pilzen in Böden

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Mikrobiologie von Böden

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Zusammenfassung

Die Pilze umfassen eine heterogene Gruppe aus Echten Pilzen (Reich der Opisthokonta, Fungi) und pilzähnlichen Organismen wie die Schleimpilze (Phylum Myxomycota, Amoebozoa, Eumycetazoa) und Pseudofungi oder Eipilze (Phylum Oomycota, Chromalveolata, Stramenopiles). Pilze sind kohlenstoff-heterotrophe chlorophyllfreie eukaryotische Organismen (ohne Photo- und Chemolithoautotrophie), die morphologisch, cytologisch und phylogenetisch sehr unterschiedlich sind. Den verschiedenen Echten Pilzen und pilzähnlichen Organismen ist der eukaryotische Aufbau ihrer Zellen mit mindestens einem echten Zellkern und einem Cytoskelett (mit Mikrotubuli aus α- und β-Tubulin) sowie die heterotrophe (saprophytische und/oder parasitische) Lebensweise gemeinsam. Sowohl für die Echten Pilze als auch für die pilzähnlichen Organismen sind Böden, Streuauflagen, Komposte und Gewässersedimente die wichtigsten Lebensräume. Im Haushalt der Natur nehmen die Fungi als Reduzente (Saprophyten) eine Schlüsselstellung ein. Sie haben sich an die verschiedenen ökologischen Nischen in Böden, Streuauflagen, Rhizo- und Phyllosphäre sehr gut angepasst und besitzen infolgedessen eine sehr hohe Diversität, die noch weitgehend unerforscht ist.

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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  1. Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow
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Ottow, J. (2011). Diversität und Funktionen von Pilzen in Böden. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_8

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