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Mikrobiologie und Ökophysiologie des Mangan- und Eisenkreislaufs

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Mikrobiologie von Böden

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

Eisen (Fe) ist mit etwa 0,2 bis 5% nach Aluminium (Al) das am häufigsten vorkommende Metall in zahlreichen Mineralien, Gesteinen und Oxiden der Pedosphäre. Mangan (Mn) stellt nach Fe mit etwa 0,1% das zweithäufigste Schwermetall in der oberen Erdrinde dar. Durch chemisch-biologische Verwitterung von Mineralien und Gesteinen werden Fe(II)- bzw. Mn(II)-Ionen in unmittelbarer Umgebung der Verwitterungsprozesse ausgeschieden und durch O2 zu weitgehend unlöslichen amorphen wasserreichen Hydroxiden (Ferrihydrit, Fe(OH)3) bzw. zu Oxiden (Braunsteinen, MnO2) und Mn(III,IV),Fe(III)-Mischoxiden (Konkretionen) oxidiert und akkumuliert. In Böden liegen beide Metalle infolgedessen überwiegend als freie, nicht silikatisch gebundene (Hydr)Oxide vor. In Tonböden kommt Fe zudem in zwei- und dreiwertiger Form, strukturell gebunden in Zwischenschichten bestimmter Phyllosilikate vor, darunter vor allem in Fe(III)-reichen Smectiten (Nontronit), Montmorilloniten, Illiten und Chloriten. Je nach Pedogenese sind Mn- und Fe-Verbindungen in den einzelnen Horizonten infolge mikrobieller Reduktions- und Oxidationsprozesse heterogen verteilt. Mikrobiologie und Verhalten von Mn und Fe sind relativ ähnlich, sodass nachfolgend hauptsächlich auf Fe eingegangen wird.

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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  1. Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow
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Ottow, J. (2011). Mikrobiologie und Ökophysiologie des Mangan- und Eisenkreislaufs. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_14

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