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Mikrobiologie von Böden pp 277–295Cite as

Biochemie, Eigenschaften und Funktionen des Humuskörpers

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Zusammenfassung

In den globalen terrestrischen Ökosystemen (innerhalb der oberen 2 m) bildet Humus (lat. Erdboden) mit etwa 75% entsprechend ca. 1000–2300 Gt C (1 Gt = 1012 kg) die größte Kohlenstoffsenke innerhalb des Gesamtkohlenstoffvorrates auf den Kontinenten (Abb. 10.1, Kap. 10). Böden bilden infolgedessen eine gewaltige Reserve an potenziell mineralisierbaren C-, N-, P- und S-Verbindungen, an essenziellen Nährstoffen (K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn) und an Mikronährstoffen. Nach dem heutigen (vorläufigen) Erkenntnisstand nimmt der C-Gehalt von Böden global im Schnitt mit etwa 1,4 ± 0,7 Gt C jährlich zu, wobei allerdings die tropischen Standorte eher als C-Quellen (CO2-Verluste durch Landnutzungsänderungen, Brandrodungen, etc.), jene der gemäßigten und borealen Klimabreiten hauptsächlich als C-Senken funktionieren. Im Unterboden unterhalb der ersten 2 m befinden sich schätzungsweise noch 800 bis 900 Gt an C. Höchstens 25% des terrestrischen Kohlenstoffes befinden sich in der oberirdischen lebenden Biomasse aus Pflanzen und Tieren. Noch geringer ist der Corg-Anteil im Edaphon. Schätzungsweise 0,2–5% des terrestrischen C-Gehaltes sind in der mikrobiellen Biomasse und in der Bodenfauna festgelegt. Dieser Pool besitzt allerdings relativ hohe Umsatzraten und kann infolgedessen als aktiv bezeichnet werden (Kap. 2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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  1. Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow
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Ottow, J. (2011). Biochemie, Eigenschaften und Funktionen des Humuskörpers. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_11

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