Abstract
Changes in the temperature, odor, and taste of groundwater are probably among the earliest reported changes following earthquakes. These changes may be expected, not only because earthquake-induced groundwater flow is effective in transporting heat and solutes, but because significant amounts of frictional heat could be generated along the displaced fault, which may raise groundwater temperature. Progress in our understanding of these processes, however, has been slow, largely because relevant quantitative data are scarce. Systematic measurements of earthquake-induced changes in temperature and composition started only in the late twentieth century. Continuous recording of temperature has become available in a limited number of wells and springs. Composition records are even fewer because most measurements require discrete sampling of water and expensive and time-consuming laboratory analysis. Another complication for the temperature and composition data is that the measured values may depend strongly on the proximity of the point of measurement from hydraulically conductive fractures (e.g., Barton et al., 1995).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Baker, E.T., C.G. Fox, and J.P. Cowen, 1999, In situ observations of the onset of hydrothermal discharge during the 1998 submarine eruption of Axial volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3445–3448.
Barton, C.A., M.D. Zoback, and D. Moos, 1995, Fluid flow along potentially active faults in crystalline rock, Geology, 23, 683–686.
Claesson, L., A. Skelton, C. Graham, C. Dietl, M. Mörth, P. Torssander, and I. Kockum, 2004, Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earthquake, Geology, 32, 641–644.
Claesson, L., A. Skelton, C. Graham, and C.-M. Mörth, 2007, The timescale and mechanisms of fault sealing and water-rock interaction after an earthquake, Geofluids, 7, 427–440.
Davis, E.E., K. Wang, R.E. Thomson, K. Becker, and J.F. Cassidy, 2001, An episode of seafloor spreading and associated plate deformation inferred from crustal fluid pressure transients, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21953–21963.
Department of Monitoring and Prediction of China Earthquake Administration, 2005, The 2004 M8.7 Sumatra Earthquake, Indonesia, and its Effect on the Chinese Mainland, Earthquake Publication, Beijing (in Chinese).
Dobrovolsky, I.P., S.I. Zubkov, and V.I. Miachkin, 1979, Estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones, Pure Appl. Geophys., 117, 1025–1044.
Dziak, R.P., W.W. Chadwick, C.G. Fox, and R.W., Embley, 2003, Hydrothermal temperature changes at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge associated with M-w 6.2 Blanc transform earthquake, Geology, 31, 119–22.
Ingebritsen, S.E., W.E. Sanford, and C.E. Neuzil, 2006, Groundwater in Geologic Processes, 2nd ed., New York: Cambridge University Press.
Johnson, H.P., M. Hutnak, R.P. Dziak, C.G. Fox, I. Urcuyo, J.P. Cowen, J. Nabelekk, and C. Fisher, 2000, Earthquake-induced changes in a hydrothermal system on the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge, Nature, 407, 174–177.
Johnson, H.P., R.P. Dziak, C.R. Fisher, C.G. Fox, and M.J. Pruis, 2001, Impact of earthquakes on hydrothermal systems may be far reaching, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 82, 233–236.
Johnson, H.P., J.A. Baross, T.A. Bjorklund, 2006, On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean, Geofluids, 6, 251–271.
Ma, Z., Z. Fu, Y. Zhang, C. Wang, G. Zhang, and D. Liu, 1990, Earthquake Prediction: Nine Major Earthquakes in China (1966–1976), pp. 332, Beijing: Seismological Press.
Mogi, K., H. Mochizuki, and Y. Kurokawa, 1989, Temperature changes in an artesian spring at Usami in the Izu Peninsula (Japan) and their relation to earthquakes, Tectonophysics, 159, 95–108.
Phillips, O.M., 1991, Flow and Reaction in Permeable Rocks, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pinson, F., O. Gregoire, M. Quintard, M. Prat, and O. Simonin, 2007. Modeling of turbulent heat transfer and thermal dispersion for flows in flat plate heat exchangers, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50, 1500–1515.
Rojstaczer, S., and Wolf, S., 1992, Permeability changes associated with large earthquakes: An example from Loma Prieta, California, 10/17/89 earthquake, Geology, 20, 211–214.
Rojstaczer, S., S. Wolf, and R. Michel, 1995, Permeability enhancement in the shallow crust as a cause of earthquake-induced hydrological changes, Nature, 373, 237–239.
Shi, Y.-L., J.L. Cao, L. Ma, and B.J. Yin, 2007, Tele-seismic coseismic well temperature changes and their interpretation, Acta Seismo. Sinica, 20, 280–289.
Sohn, R.A., D.J. Fornari, K.L. Von Damm, J.A. Hildebrand, and S.C. Webb, 1998, Seismic and hydrothermal evidence of a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise near 98509 N, Nature, 396, 159–161.
Sohn, R.A., J.A. Hildebrand, and S.C. Webb, 1999, A microearthquake survey of the high-temperature vent fields on the volcanically active East Pacific Rise (98 509 N), J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25367–25378.
Tyan, C.L., Y.M. Chang, W.K. Lin, and M.K. Tsai, 1996, The brief introduction to the groundwater hydrology of Choshui River Alluvial fan, in Conference on Groundwater and Hydrology of the Choshui River Alluvial Fan , Taiwan, Water Resources Bureau, 207–221 (in Chinese).
Wang, C.-H., C.-Y. Wang, C.-H. Kuo, and W.-F. Chen, 2005, Some isotopic and hydrological changes associated with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake , Taiwan, The Island Arc, 14, 37–54.
Wang, C.-Y., L.-H. Cheng, C.-V. Chin, and S.-B. Yu, 2001, Coseismic hydrologic response of an alluvial fan to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake , Taiwan, Geology, 29, 831–834.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, CY., Manga, M. (2010). Temperature and Composition Changes. In: Earthquakes and Water. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 114. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00810-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00810-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-00809-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-00810-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)