Abstract
Homomorphic electronic voting is very popular but has an efficiency bottleneck: vote validity check, which limits application of e-voting, especially in large-scale elections. In this paper two efficient vote validity check mechanisms are designed for homomorphic e-voting, both of which are much more efficient than the existing vote validity check procedures. Especially, the second vote validity check mechanism is flexible, honest-verifier zero knowledge and highly efficient. With the technique, efficiency of homomorphic e-voting is greatly improved and can be employed in election applications with more critical requirement on performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abe, M., Hoshino, F.: Remarks on mix-network based on permutation networks. In: Kim, K.-c. (ed.) PKC 2001. LNCS, vol. 1992, pp. 317–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Aditya, R., Peng, K., Boyd, C., Dawson, E.: Batch Verification for Equality of Discrete Logarithms and Threshold Decryptions. In: Jakobsson, M., Yung, M., Zhou, J. (eds.) ACNS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3089, pp. 494–508. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Adler, J.M., Dai, W., Green, R.L., Neff, C.A.: Computational details of the votehere homomorphic election system. Technical report, VoteHere Inc. (2000) (last accessed June 22, 2002), http://www.votehere.net/technicaldocs/hom.pdf
Baudron, O., Fouque, P.-A., Pointcheval, D., Stern, J., Poupard, G.: Practical multi-candidate election system. In: Twentieth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pp. 274–283 (2001)
Bellare, M., Garay, J.A., Rabin, T.: Fast batch verification for modular exponentiation and digital signatures. In: Nyberg, K. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1998. LNCS, vol. 1403, pp. 236–250. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Boyd, C., Pavlovski, C.: Attacking and repairing batch verification schemes. In: Okamoto, T. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2000. LNCS, vol. 1976, pp. 58–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Chida, K., Yamamoto, G.: Batch processing for proofs of partial knowledge and its applications. IEICE Trans. Fundamentals E91CA(1), 150–159 (2008)
Chida, K., Kobayashi, K., Morita, H.: Efficient sealed-bid auctions for massive numbers of bidders with lump comparison. In: Davida, G.I., Frankel, Y. (eds.) ISC 2001. LNCS, vol. 2200, pp. 408–419. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Cramer, R., Damgård, I., Schoenmakers, B.: Proofs of partial knowledge and simplified design of witness hiding protocols. In: Desmedt, Y.G. (ed.) CRYPTO 1994. LNCS, vol. 839, pp. 174–187. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Damgaård, I., Jurik, M.: A generalisation, a simplification and some applications of paillier’s probabilistic public-key system. In: Kim, K.-c. (ed.) PKC 2001. LNCS, vol. 1992, pp. 119–136. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Fischer, M.J., Micali, S., Rackoff, C.: A secure protocol for the oblivious transfer (extended abstract). Journal of Cryptology 9(3), 191–195 (1996)
Fouque, P.-A., Poupard, G., Stern, J.: Sharing decryption in the context of voting or lotteries. In: Frankel, Y. (ed.) FC 2000. LNCS, vol. 1962, pp. 90–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Furukawa, J., Sako, K.: An efficient scheme for proving a shuffle. In: Kilian, J. (ed.) CRYPTO 2001. LNCS, vol. 2139, pp. 368–387. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Golle, P., Zhong, S., Boneh, D., Jakobsson, M., Juels, A.: Optimistic mixing for exit-polls. In: Zheng, Y. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2501, pp. 451–465. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Groth, J.: Non-interactive zero-knowledge arguments for voting. In: Ioannidis, J., Keromytis, A.D., Yung, M. (eds.) ACNS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3531, pp. 467–482. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Groth, J., Lu, S.: Verifiable shuffle of large size ciphertexts. In: Okamoto, T., Wang, X. (eds.) PKC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4450, pp. 377–392. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Groth, J.: A verifiable secret shuffle of homomorphic encryptions. In: Desmedt, Y.G. (ed.) PKC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2567, pp. 145–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Guillou, L.C., Quisquater, J.J.: A “paradoxical” identity-based signature scheme resulting from zero-knowledge. In: Goldwasser, S. (ed.) CRYPTO 1988. LNCS, vol. 403, pp. 216–231. Springer, Heidelberg (1990)
Hirt, M., Sako, K.: Efficient receipt-free voting based on homomorphic encryption. In: Preneel, B. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2000. LNCS, vol. 1807, pp. 539–556. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Furukawa, J.: Efficient and verifiable shuffling and shuffle-decryption. IEICE Transactions 88-A(1), 172–188 (2005)
Katz, J., Myers, S., Ostrovsky, R.: Cryptographic counters and applications to electronic voting. In: Pfitzmann, B. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2045, pp. 78–92. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Kiayias, A., Yung, M.: Self-tallying elections and perfect ballot secrecy. In: Naccache, D., Paillier, P. (eds.) PKC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2274, pp. 141–158. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Kikuchi, H., Harkavy, M., Tygar, J.D.: Multi-round anonymous auction. In: Proceedings of the First IEEE Workshop on Dependable and Real-Time E-Commerce Systems, pp. 62–69 (June 1998)
Kikuchi, H.: (m+1)st-price auction protocol. In: Syverson, P.F. (ed.) FC 2001. LNCS, vol. 2339, pp. 291–298. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Kikuchi, H., Hotta, S., Abe, K., Nakanishi, S.: Distributed auction servers resolving winner and winning bid without revealing privacy of bids. In: Proc. of International Workshop on Next Generation Internet (NGITA 2000), pp. 307–312. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2000)
Lee, B., Kim, K.: Receipt-free electronic voting through collaboration of voter and honest verifier. In: JW-ISC 2000, pp. 101–108 (2000)
Lee, B., Kim, K.: Receipt-free electronic voting scheme with a tamper-resistant randomizer. In: Lee, P.J., Lim, C.H. (eds.) ICISC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2587, pp. 389–406. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Andrew Neff, C.: Conducting a universally verifiable electronic election using homomorphic encryption. White paper, VoteHere Inc. (2000)
Andrew Neff, C.: A verifiable secret shuffle and its application to e-voting. In: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security 2001, pp. 116–125 (2001)
Andrew Neff, C.: Verifiable mixing (shuffling) of elgamal pairs (2004), http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/voting/papers/Neff-2004-04-21-ElGamalShuffles.pdf
Paillier, P.: Public key cryptosystem based on composite degree residuosity classes. In: Stern, J. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1592, pp. 223–238. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Park, C., Itoh, K., Kurosawa, K.: Efficient anonymous channel and all/nothing election scheme. In: Helleseth, T. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1993. LNCS, vol. 765, pp. 248–259. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Peng, K., Aditya, R., Boyd, C., Dawson, E., Lee, B.: A secure and efficient mix-network using extended binary mixing gate. In: Cryptographic Algorithms and their Uses 2004, pp. 57–71 (2004)
Peng, K., Boyd, C.: Batch zero knowledge proof and verification and its applications. ACM TISSEC 10(2), Article No. 6 (May 2007)
Peng, K., Boyd, C., Dawson, E.: Simple and efficient shuffling with provable correctness and ZK privacy. In: Jakobsson, M., Yung, M., Zhou, J. (eds.) ACNS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3089, pp. 188–204. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Peng, K., Boyd, C., Dawson, E.: Batch verification of validity of bids in homomorphic e-auction. Computer Communications 29, 2798–2805 (2006)
Peng, K., Boyd, C., Dawson, E., Lee, B.: Multiplicative homomorphic e-voting. In: Canteaut, A., Viswanathan, K. (eds.) INDOCRYPT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3348, pp. 61–72. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Peng, K., Boyd, C., Dawson, E., Viswanathan, K.: A correct, private and efficient mix network. In: Bao, F., Deng, R., Zhou, J. (eds.) PKC 2004. LNCS, vol. 2947, pp. 439–454. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Peng, K., Dawson, E.: Efficient bid validity check in elgamal-based sealed-bid e-auction. In: Dawson, E., Wong, D.S. (eds.) ISPEC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4464, pp. 209–224. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Schoenmakers, B.: Fully auditable electronic secret-ballot elections. XOOTIC Magazine (July 2000)
Wikstrom, D.: A sender verifiable mix-net and a new proof of a shuffle. In: Roy, B. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3788, pp. 273–292. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Peng, K., Bao, F. (2009). Efficient Vote Validity Check in Homomorphic Electronic Voting. In: Lee, P.J., Cheon, J.H. (eds) Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2008. ICISC 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5461. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00730-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00730-9_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-00729-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-00730-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)