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Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change pp 115–140Cite as

Structure and management of cocoa agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi across an intensification gradient

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Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Summary

Central Sulawesi is a major cocoa producing region in Indonesia. Nevertheless, very little is known about the basic socio-economic and pedological properties of cocoa agroforestry systems in the region. In the vicinity of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), 144 cocoa plots covering an intensification gradient were selected for an intensive 1-year cocoa management study including a subset of 48 plots for extended soil analyses.

Local cocoa plots are mostly established by converting natural forest lands, and they are increasingly intensified by removal of their natural shade tree cover. Soil nutrient status is mostly sufficient but total P availability and stagnant soil water conditions limit yields. Phytosanitary and soil amelioration management are often suboptimal and may need to be improved. Marketing of cocoa beans takes place mostly via small traders from the same village. Farm gate prices account for around 70% of world prices. No price incentives exist for enhancing bean quality by better processing.

Cocoa bean yield varies strongly by season. A structural intensification index integrating data on canopy closure, cocoa tree density, number of native forest trees and number of intercrops, was positively correlated with yields. Labour input also increases yield. Labour input was not correlated with the structural intensification index but expenses for material inputs and hired labour as well as biophysical parameters as rainfall and phosphor content were. The strong economic incentive for farmers to intensify cocoa agroforests threatens local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Jana Juhrbandt, Jan Barkmann & Rainer Marggraf

  2. Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Thomas Duwe & Gerhard Gerold

Authors
  1. Jana Juhrbandt
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  2. Thomas Duwe
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  3. Jan Barkmann
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  4. Gerhard Gerold
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  5. Rainer Marggraf
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Correspondence to Jana Juhrbandt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. FG Agrarökologie, Univ. Göttingen, Waldweg 26, Göttingen, 37073, Germany

    Teja Tscharntke

  2. Albrecht-v.-Haller-Inst. für, Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, 37073, Germany

    Christoph Leuschner

  3. Fak. Forstwissenschaften u. Waldökologie, Inst. Forstbotanik, Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Edzo Veldkamp

  4. Inst. Geographie, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Heiko Faust

  5. Dept. Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Kampus Baranang Siang, Bogor, 16144, Indonesia

    Edi Guhardja

  6. Dept. Forest Management, Tadulako University, Kampus Bumi Tadulako, Tondo Palu, Indonesia

    Arifuddin Bidin

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Juhrbandt, J., Duwe, T., Barkmann, J., Gerold, G., Marggraf, R. (2010). Structure and management of cocoa agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi across an intensification gradient. In: Tscharntke, T., Leuschner, C., Veldkamp, E., Faust, H., Guhardja, E., Bidin, A. (eds) Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00493-3_5

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