Abstract
Language and speech development is structured in the brain as a consequence of auditory, visual, tactile, and muscle spindle stimuli input and their crossmodal interaction. The corresponding chemical and structural changes in the brain, depending on the stimulus, comprise successive cognitive changes or states of the brain, each state mediating the immediately higher level state. Language and speech acquisition abilities correspond to highest levels of conscious cognition and motor control, respectively. The most currently accepted theory of conscious cognition or consciousness of Penrose and Hameroff suggests that multisensory experiences are integrated and reach a “threshold” for perception or consciousness in the hyperneuron, or giant neuron. The hyperneuron is considered to involve many areas of the cerebral cortex whose neurons are connected by gap junctions (electrical synapses) and fire in synchrony (simultaneously). The hyperneuron hypothesis, however, has been challenged by McFadden who suggests that the massive discharge of cortical neurons, through multisensory experience input, might generate a conscious electromagnetic field in the brain, which initiates conscious movements of the speech muscles.
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Pimenidis, M.Z. (2009). Language and Speech. In: The Neurobiology of Orthodontics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00396-7_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00396-7_5
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