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Endosymbionts in Paramecium pp 201–225Cite as

Infection and Maintenance of Holospora Species in Paramecium caudatum

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Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 12))

Abstract

Infectious forms of Holospora species have a cytoplasmic region and a periplasmic lumen with an electron-translucent invasion tip. Bacterial 89-kDa proteins with two actin-binding motifs translocate from the invasion tip lumen to outside the tip when infectious forms are ingested in digestive vacuoles of a Paramecium cell. With the invasion tip, the bacteria disrupt the digestive vacuole membrane, appear in the host cytoplasm, migrate to their target nucleus, distinguish host nuclear envelopes of two kinds through affinity between the bacterial lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes and an unknown substance of the target nuclear envelope, and then penetrate the target nuclear envelope with the invasion tip. The first bacterium invades the host nucleus within 10 min after mixing. After endosymbiosis the bacteria alter host gene expression, providing an excellent opportunity for elucidating host-symbiont interactions between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and establishment of new associations leading to eukaryotic cell evolution.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks all coworkers at Yamaguchi University. The author also thanks Yuuki Kodama of Tsukuba University for her help in preparing the figures used in this chapter. This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (B) (no. 17405020) to M.F. from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan

    Masahiro Fujishima

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Correspondence to Masahiro Fujishima .

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  1. Graduate School of Science and Eng., Dept. of Environmental Sci. and Eng., Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan

    Masahiro Fujishima

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Fujishima, M. (2009). Infection and Maintenance of Holospora Species in Paramecium caudatum . In: Fujishima, M. (eds) Endosymbionts in Paramecium. Microbiology Monographs, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92677-1_8

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