Abstract
To date, there does not exist a fully reusable space transportation system with the capability of taking off horizontally or vertically and landing horizontally. As we have learned from Chapter 3, the Space Shuttle Orbiter is launched vertically like a rocket with the support of solid rocket boosters. The re-entry process into the Earth’s atmosphere consists of a gliding unpowered flight and a horizontal landing on a conventional runway. Moreover, all of the capsules, which have transported men to and from space, are single-use vehicles, launched vertically on top of rockets, Chapter 5. The landing, either on sea or on ground, is usually performed with the aid of a parachute system.
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Hirschel, E.H., Weiland, C. (2009). Aerothermodynamic Design Problems of Winged Airbreathing Vehicles. In: Selected Aerothermodynamic Design Problems of Hypersonic Flight Vehicles. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89974-7_4
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