Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Degenerative und metabolisch-toxische Erkrankungen

  • Chapter
Atlas Klinische Neuroradiologie des Gehirns

  • 11k Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Es existiert eine große Vielzahl verschiedener angeborener degenerativer und metabolisch-toxischer Erkrankungen, denen genetische Mutationen in sehr verschiedenen Stoffwechselsystemen zugrunde liegen können und die unterschiedliche funktionelle Systeme betreffen können. Überwiegend sind diese Erkrankungen sehr selten, viele enden schon im Kleinkindesalter letal. Magnetresonanztomographisch manifestieren sich die Krankheitsbilder zerebral oft mit einer Leukodystrophie bzw. einer Leukenzephalopathie.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Abe K, Yoshimura H, Tanaka H, Fujita N, Hikita T, Sakoda S. Comparison of conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI and proton MR spectroscopy in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like events. Neuroradiology. 2004;46:113–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finsterer J. MELAS Syndrome as a Differential Diagnosis of Ischemic Stroke. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2009;77:25–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iizuka T, Sakai F, Kan S, Suzuki N. Slowly progressive spread of the stroke-like lesions in MELAS. Neurology. 2003;61:1238–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iizuka T, Sakai F. Pathogenesis of stroke-like episodes in MELAS: analysis of neurovascular cellular mechanisms. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2005;2:29–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito H, Mori K, Harada M, Minato M, Naito E, Takeuchi M, Kuroda Y, Kagami S. Serial brain imaging analysis of stroke-like episodes in MELAS. Brain Dev. 2008;30:483–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheerin F, Pretorius PM, Briley D, Meagher T. Differential diagnosis of restricted diffusion confined to the cerebral cortex. Clin Radiol. 2008;63:1245–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Lee HF, Tsai CR, Chi CS, Lee HJ, Chen CC. Leigh syndrome: clinical and neuroimaging follow-up. Pediatr Neurol. 2009;40:88–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leigh D. Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy in an infant. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1951;14:216–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sijens PE, Smit GP, Rödiger LA, van Spronsen FJ, Oudkerk M, Rodenburg RJ, Lunsing RJ. MR spectroscopy of the brain in Leigh syndrome. Brain Dev. 2008;30:579–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Huang CC, Wai YY, Chu NS, Liou CW, Pang CY, Shih KD, Wei YH. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies: CT and MRI findings and correlations with clinical features. Eur Neurol. 1995;35:199–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato H, Uchigata M, Iijima M, Shimizu S, Nonaka I, Goto Y. Fatal cerebral hemorrhage in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Clinical and pathological data of a case. J Neurol. 2006;253:529–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Küker W, Weir A, Quaghebeur G, Palace J. White matter changes in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy: MRI findings. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:591–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Millar WS, Lignelli A, Hirano M. MRI of five patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182: 1537–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maia AC Jr, da Rocha AJ, da Silva CJ, Rosemberg S. Multiple cranial nerve enhancement: a new MR imaging finding in metachromatic leukodystrophy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:999.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patay Z. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in leukodystrophies. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:2284–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Beslow LA, Schwartz ES, Bönnemann CG. Thickening and enhancement of multiple cranial nerves in conjunction with cystic white matter lesions in early infantile Krabbe disease. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38:694–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Provenzale JM, Escolar M, Kurtzberg J. Quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data in serial assessment of Krabbe disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1064:220–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Melberg A, Weis J, Månsson JE, Raininko R. The earliest MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy abnormalities in adult-onset Krabbe disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;116:268–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Moser HW, Mahmood A, Raymond GV. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3:140–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patay Z. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in leukodystrophies. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:2284–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sedel F, Tourbah A, Fontaine B, Lubetzki C, Baumann N, Saudubray JM, Lyon-Caen O. Leukoencephalopathies associated with inborn errors of metabolism in adults. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2008;31:295–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Andersen K, Südmeyer M, Saleh A. Cerebral imaging for Wilson disease. Rofo. 2007;179:225–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim TJ, Kim IO, Kim WS, Cheon JE, Moon SG, Kwon JW, Seo JK, Yeon KM. MR imaging of the brain in Wilson disease of childhood: findings before and after treatment with clinical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006; 27:1373–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King AD, Walshe JM, Kendall BE et al. Cranial MR imaging in Wilson’s disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167:1579–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prayer L, Wimberger D, Kramer J et al. Cranial MRI inWilson’s disease. Neuroradiology. 1990;32:211–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sener RN. Diffusion MR imaging changes associated with Wilson disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:965–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Aylward EH. Change in MRI striatal volumes as a biomarker in preclinical Huntington’s disease. Brain Res Bull. 2007;72:152–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohanna I, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Hannan AJ, Egan GF. Magnetic resonance imaging as an approach towards identifying neuropathological biomarkers for Huntington’s disease. Brain Res Rev. 2008;58:209–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montoya A, Price BH, Menear M, Lepage M. Brain imaging and cognitive dysfunctions in Huntington’s disease. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2006;31:21–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosas HD, Salat DH, Lee SY, Zaleta AK, Pappu V, Fischl B, Greve D, Hevelone N, Hersch SM. Cerebral cortex and the clinical expression of Huntington’s disease: complexity and heterogeneity. Brain. 2008;131:1057–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Lechner C, Meisenzahl EM, Uhlemann H, Helber-Böhlen H, Fähndrich E. Hallervorden- Spatz syndrome. Differential diagnosis of early onset dementia. Nervenarzt. 1999;70:471–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNeill A, Birchall D, Hayflick SJ, Gregory A, Schenk JF, Zimmerman EA, Shang H, Miyajima H, Chinnery PF. T2* and FSE MRI distinguishes four subtypes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Neurology. 2008;70:1614–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinod Desai S, Bindu PS, Ravishankar S, Jayakumar PN, Pal PK. Relaxation and susceptibility MRI characteristics in Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25:715–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Chu K, Kang DW, Kim HJ et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in wernicke encephalopathy: reversible cytotoxic edema? Arch Neurol. 2002;59:123–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed LJ et al. FDG-PET findings in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Cortex. 2003;39:1027–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White ML, Zhang Y, Andrew LG et al. MR imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in acute and chronic Wernicke encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:2306–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Rovira A, Alonso J, Córdoba J. MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1612–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarasów E, Panasiuk A, Siergiejczyk L, Orzechowska-Bobkiewicz A, Lewszuk A, Walecki J, Prokopowicz D. MR and 1H MR spectroscopy of the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis and early stages of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50:2149–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Lo CP, Chen SY, Lee KW, Chen WL, Chen CY, Hsueh CJ, Huang GS. Brain injury after acute carbon monoxide poisoning: early and late complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:205–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Bartlett E, Mikulis DJ. Chasing »chasing the dragon« with MRI: leukoencephalopathy in drug abuse. Br J Radiol. 2005;78:997–1004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartzokis G, Goldstein IB, Hance DB, Beckson M, Shapiro D, Lu PH, Edwards N, Mintz J, Bridge P. The incidence of T2-weighted MR imaging signal abnormalities in the brain of cocaine-dependent patients is age-related and region-specific. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1628–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Win MM, Jager G, Booij J, Reneman L, Schilt T, Lavini C, Olabarriaga SD, den Heeten GJ, Van Den Brink W. Sustained effects of ecstasy on the human brain: a prospective neuroimaging study in novel users. Brain. 2008; 131:2936–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan IG, Burney K. Radiology of recreational drug abuse. Radiographics. 2007;27:919–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keogh CF, Andrews GT, Spacey SD, Forkheim KE, Graeb DA. Neuroimaging features of heroin inhalation toxicity: »chasing the dragon«. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:847–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Cramer SC, Stegbauer KC, Schneider A et al. Decreased diffusion in central pontine myelinolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1476–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koci TM, Chiang F, Chow P et al. Thalamic extrapontine lesions in central pontine myelinolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990;11:1229–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lampl C, Yazdi K. Central pontine myelinolysis. Eur Neurol. 2002;47:3–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin RJ. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2004;75,Suppl 3: iii22-iii28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nomoto N, Arasaki K, Tamaki M. Central pontine myelinolysis in chronic alcoholism demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Eur Neurol. 2004;51:179–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruzek KA, Campeau NG, Miller GM. Early diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis with diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004; 25:210–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Heinrich A, Runge U, Khaw AV. Clinicoradiologic subtypes of Marchiafava- Bignami disease. J Neurol. 2004;251:1050–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler CG, Ances BM, Coleman AR, Ragland JD, Lazarev M, Gur RC. Marchiafava- Bignami disease: literature review and case report. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2000;13:67–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Ogi S, Fukumitsu N, Tsuchida D, Uchiyama M, Mori Y, Matsui K. Imaging of bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis. Clin Nucl Med. 2002;27:721–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Chen W. Clinical applications of PET in brain tumors. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1468–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herholz K, Coope D, Jackson A. Metabolic and molecular imaging in neurooncology. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:711–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabin BM, Meyer JR, Berlin JW, Marymount MH, Palka PS, Russell EJ. Radiationinduced changes in the central nervous system and head and neck. Radiographics. 1996,16;1055–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terakawa Y, Tsuyuguchi N, Iwai Y, Yamanaka K, Higashiyama S, Takami T, Ohata K. Diagnostic accuracy of 11C-methionine PET for differentiation of recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis after radiotherapy. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:694–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valk PE, Dillon WP. Radiation injury of the brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1991;12:45–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008; 29:1036–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1043–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herberger S, Linn J, Pfefferkorn T, Feddersen B, Göhringer T, Winkler F, Straube A, Danek A. Complexities of »reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome«. Nervenarzt. 2006;77:1218–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita T, Moritani T, Shrier DA, Hiwatashi A, Wang HZ, Numaguchi Y, Westesson PL. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a pictorial essay. Clin Imaging. 2003; 27:307–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamy C, Oppenheim C, Méder JF, Mas JL. Neuroimaging in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Neuroimaging. 2004;14:89–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Kavuk I, Hufnagel A, Agelink MW, Limmroth V, Dörfler A, Sayar K, Selekler M, Diener HC, Koeppen S. MRI changes associated with partial status epilepticus. Eur J Med Res. 2005;10:243–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JA, Chung JI, Yoon PH, Kim DI, Chung TS, Kim EJ, Jeong EK. Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1149–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milligan TA, Zamani A, Bromfield E. Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus. Seizure. 2009;18:104–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelles M, Bien CG, Kurthen M, von Falkenhausen M, Urbach H. Transient splenium lesions in presurgical epilepsy patients: incidence and pathogenesis. Neuroradiology. 2006;48:443–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Arbelaez A, Castillo M, Mukherji S. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of global cerebral anoxia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:999–1007.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han BK, Towbin RB, De Courten-Myers G, McLaurin R, Ball WS Jr. Reversal sign on CT: effect of anoxic/ischemic cerebral injury in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989;10:1191–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang BY, Castillo M. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: imaging findings from birth to adulthood. Radiographics. 2008;28:417–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi S, Higano S, Ishii K, et al. Hypoxic brain damage: cortical laminar necrosis and delayed changes in white matter at sequential MR imaging. Radiology. 1993;189:449–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Bastin ME, Sinha S, Farrall AJ, Wardlaw JM, Whittle IR. Diffuse brain oedema in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1693–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bicakci K, Bicakci S, Aksungur E. Perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;114:193–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid AC, Matheson MS, Teasdale G. Volume of the ventricles in benign intracranial hypertension. Lancet. 1980;2:7–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Förderreuther S, Yousry I, Empl M, Straube A. Dilated cervical epidural veins and extra arachnoid fluid collection in orthostatic headaches. Neurology. 2001;57:527–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyun SH, Lee KH, Lee SJ, Cho YS, Lee EJ, Choi JY, Kim BT. Potential value of radionuclide cisternography in diagnosis and management planning of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008; 110:657–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shankar JJ, Chakraborty S, Lum C. The venous hinge-an objective sign for the iagnosis and follow-up of treatment in patients with intracranial hypotension syndrome. Neuroradiology. 2009;51:453–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomoda Y, Korogi Y, Aoki T, Morioka T, Takahashi H, Ohno M, Takeshita I. Detection of cerebrospinal fluid leakage: initial experience with three-dimensional fast spin-echo magnetic resonance myelography. Acta Radiol. 2008;49:197–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousry I, Förderreuther S, Moriggl B, Holtmannspötter M, Naidich TP, Straube A, Yousry TA. Cervical MR imaging in postural headache: MR signs and pathophysiological implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1239–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Bartlett PA, Symms MR, Free SL, Duncan JS. T2 relaxometry of the hippocampus at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:1095–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boling WW, Lancaster M, Kraszpulski M, Palade A, Marano G, Puce A. Fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomographic imaging for the diagnosis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosurgery. 2008;63:1130–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cendes F. Febrile seizures and mesial temporal sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:161–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coan AC, Bonilha L, Morgan PS, Cendes F, Li LM. T2-weighted and T2 relaxometry images in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuroimaging. 2006;16:260–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CC, Chang YC. The long-term effects of febrile seizures on the hippocampal neuronal plasticity - Clinical and experimental evidence.Brain Dev. 2009;31:383–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phal PM, Usmanov A, Nesbit GM, Anderson JC, Spencer D, Wang P, Helwig JA, Roberts C, Hamilton BE. Qualitative comparison of 3-T and 1.5-T MRI in the evaluation of epilepsy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191:890–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simister RJ, McLean MA, Barker GJ, Duncan JS. Proton MR spectroscopy of metabolite concentrations in temporal lobe epilepsy and effect of temporal lobe resection. Epilepsy Res. 2009;83:168–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Aoki T, Sato T, Hasegawa K, Ishizaki R, Saiki M. Reversible hyperintensity lesion on diffusion-weighted MRI in hypoglycemic coma. Neurology. 2004 Jul 27;63(2):392–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung SL, Kim BS, Lee KS, Yoon KH, Byun JY. Magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging changes after hypoglycemic coma. J Neuroimaging. 2005;15:193–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maekawa S, Aibiki M, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi S, Umakoshi K. Time related changes in reversible MRI findings after prolonged hypoglycemia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006;108:511–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Neuroradiologie Klinikum, Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München

    Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Jennifer Linn & Prof. Dr. med. Hartmut Brückmann

  2. Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen

    Prof. Dr. med. Martin Wiesmann

Authors
  1. Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Jennifer Linn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. med. Martin Wiesmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Dr. med. Hartmut Brückmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Linn, J., Wiesmann, M., Brückmann, H. (2011). Degenerative und metabolisch-toxische Erkrankungen. In: Atlas Klinische Neuroradiologie des Gehirns. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89569-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89569-5_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89568-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89569-5

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation