Abstract
In the field of mobility support, several mobility protocols resort to the use of triangulation mechanisms as a means of supporting fast handovers or basic connectivity. In order to reduce the maximum end-to-end delay of the packets, such triangulations can be later removed to enable direct routing of the data packets. However, using a simple update of this routing entry can cause the reception of out-of-order packets at the mobile node receiver, as the direct packets can arrive earlier than the triangulated packets.
This paper proposes a generic optimal de-triangulation mechanism that neither causes out-of-order packets nor increases the packet delay, for any combination of asymmetric links delays. After an analytic framework analysis contribution, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulation studies, in which the packet losses, packet delay, handover latency and control/data load metrics are measured.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Estrela, P., Vazão, T., Nunes, M.: Design and Evaluation of eTIMIP - Overlay Micro-Mobility Architecture based on TIMIP. In: International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications ICWMC 2006, Romania (July 2006)
Estrela, P., Vazão, T., Nunes, M.: A Route Optimization Scheme for the eTIMIP micro-mobility protocol. In: PIMRC 2007, Greece (September 2007) (accepted for publication)
Koodli Ed., R.: Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. RFC 4068 (July 2005 )
Keszei, C., Georganopoulos, N., Tyranyi, Z., Valko, A.: Evaluation of the BRAIN candidate mobility management protocol. In: Proceedings of the IST Mobile Summit (September 2001)
Peters, L., Moerman, I., Dhoedt, B., Demeester, P.: MEHROM: Micromobility support with Efficient Handoff and Route Optimization Mechanism. In: 16th ITC Specialist Seminar on Performance Evaluation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, Antwerp, Belgium, August 31 - September 2, pp. 269–278 (2004)
Perkins, C., Johnson, D.: Route Optimization in Mobile IP, draft-ietf-mobileip-optim-11.txt, IETF (September 2001)
Perkins Ed., C.: IP Mobility Support for IPv4, RFC-3320, IETF (January 2002)
Johnson, D., Perkins, C., Arkko, J.: Mobility Support in IPv6, RFC-3775 (June 2004)
Morton, A., Ciavattone, L., Ramachandran, G., Shalunov, S., Perser, J.: Packet Reordering Metric for IPPM, draft-ietf-ippm-reordering-13.txt (May 2006)
Bennet, J., Partridge, C., Shectman, N.: Packet reordering is not pathological behaviour. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 7(6) (December 1999)
Laor, M., Gendel, L.: The effect of packet reordering in a backbone link on application throughput. IEEE Network 7(6) (September 2002)
Zhou, X., Mieghem, P.: Reordering of IP packets in Internet. In: Proc. Passive and Active Measurement (April 2004)
Campbell, A., et al.: Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Cellular IP. IEEE Personal Communications 7(4) (August 2000)
Hsieh, R., Seneviratne, A.: A comparison of mechanisms for improving mobile IP handoff latency for end-to-end TCP. In: MOBICOM 2003, pp. 29–41 (September 2003)
El Malki, K., Soliman, H.: Simultaneous Bindings for Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers, draft-elmalki-mobileip-bicasting-v6-06 (work in progress) (July 2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Estrela, P.V., Vazão, T.M., Nunes, M.S. (2008). De-triangulation Optimal Solutions for Mobility Scenarios with Asymmetric Links. In: Vazão, T., Freire, M.M., Chong, I. (eds) Information Networking. Towards Ubiquitous Networking and Services. ICOIN 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5200. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89524-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89524-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89523-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89524-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)