Modelling of flow processes in the subsurface is important for many applications. In fact, subsurface flow phenomena cover some of the most important technological challenges of our time. To illustrate, we quote the UN's Human Development Report 2006:
“There is a growing recognition that the world faces a water crisis that, left unchecked, will derail the progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and hold back human development. Some 1.4 billion people live in river basins in which water use exceeds recharge rates. The symptoms of overuse are disturbingly clear: rivers are drying up, groundwater tables are falling and water-based ecosystems are being rapidly degraded. Put bluntly, the world is running down one of its most precious natural resources and running up an unsustainable ecological debt that will be inherited by future generations.”
The road toward sustainable use and management of the earth's groundwater reserves necessarily involves modelling of groundwater hydrological systems. In particular, modelling is used to acquire general knowledge of groundwater basins, quantify limits of sustainable use, and to monitor transport of pollutants in the subsurface.
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Aarnes, J.E., Lie, K., Kippe, V., Krogstad, S. (2009). Multiscale Methods for Subsurface Flow. In: Engquist, B., Lötstedt, P., Runborg, O. (eds) Multiscale Modeling and Simulation in Science. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol 66. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88857-4_1
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