During the World War II, USA was obliged to construct a large number of vessels urgently and the first all-welded ships, Liberty ships and T-2 Tankers, were produced according to an emergency ship building program. Some of these ships later broke completely in two, like a jack knife. Most of the failure occurred during the winter months. Failures occurred both when the ships were in rough sea condition and when they were anchored at dock as shown in Figs. 10.1.1 and 10.1.2 [34]. The failure of these vessels gave a driving force to the study of brittle fracture and fracture mechanics.
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Okumoto, Y., Takeda, Y., Mano, M., Okada, T. (2009). Fracture Control. In: Okumoto, Y., Takeda, Y., Mano, M., Okada, T. (eds) Design of Ship Hull Structures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88445-3_17
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