Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology, which originates from the molecular recognition phenomenon in biological systems, has been receiving much attention and already rapid developments have been achieved in recent years. A molecularly imprinted membrane is characterized by selective recognition, high binding capacity and excellent permeability. It is helpful for separation in large-scale applications and especially for the recognition of natural biomacromolecules. In this chapter the basic concept and theory of molecular imprinting are simply described for an understanding of the principles underlying the technique. Then the preparation and application of molecularly imprinted membranes are well presented and summarized.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexander C, Andersson HS, Andersson LI, Ansell RJ, Kirsch N, O’Mahony IAN, Whitcombe MJ (2006) Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years up to and including 2003. J Mol Recognit 19:106–180
Andersson LI (2000) Molecular imprinting: developments and applications in the analytical chemistry field. J Chromatogr B 745:3–13
Araki K, Maruyama T, Kamiya N, Goto M (2005) Mecal ion-selective membrane prepared by surface molecular imprinting. J Chromatogr B 818:141–145
Belokon ZS, Skorobogatova AE, Grybkova NY, Arzhakov SA, Bakeev NF, Kozlov PV, Kabanov VA (1973) Structural-mechanical aspects of crosslinked polymeric glasses deformation. Dokl Acad Sci USSR 214:1069–1071
Bodhibukkana C, Srichana T, Kaewnopparat S, Tangthong N, Bouking P, Martin GP, Suedee R (2006) Composite membrane of bacterially-derived cellulose and molecularly imprinted polymer for use as a transdermal enantioselective controlled-release system of racemic propranolol. J Control Release 113:43–56
Brüggemann O, Haupt K, Ye L, Yilmaz E, Mosbach K (2000) New configurations and applications of molecularly imprinted polymers. J Chromatogr A 889:15–24
Che AF, Yang YF, Wan LS, Wu J, Xu ZK (2006) Molecular imprinting fibrous membranes of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) prepared by electrospinning, Chem Res Chinese U 22:390–393
Chen CB, Chen YJ, Zhou J, Wu CH (2006) A 9-vinyladenine-based molecularly imprinted polymeric membrane for the efficient recognition of plant hormone 1H-indole-3-acetic acid. Anal Chim Acta 569:58–65
Chronakis IS, Jakob A, Hagström B, Ye L (2006a) Encapsulation and selective recognition of molecularly imprinted theophylline and 17β-estradiol nanoparticles within electrospun polymer nanofibers. Langmuir 22:8960–8965
Chronakis IS, Milosevic B, Frenot A, Ye L (2006b) Generation of molecular recognition sites in electrospun polymer nanofibers via molecular imprinting. Macromolecules 39:357–361
Ciardelli G, Borrelli C, Silvestri D, Cristallini C, Barbani N, Giusti P (2006) Supported imprinted nanospheres for the selective recognition of cholesterol. Biosens Bioelectron 21:2329–2338
Cormack PAG, Mosbach K (1999) Molecular imprinting: recent developments and the road ahead. React Funct Polym 41:115–124
Cristallini C, Ciardelli G, Barbani N, Giusti P (2004) Acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer membrane imprinted with uric acid for clinical uses. Macromol Biosci 4:31–38
Das K, Penelle J, Rotello VM (2003) Selective picomolar detection of hexachlorobenzene in water using a quartz crystal microbalance coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer thin film. Langmuir 19:3921–3925
Delaney TL, Zimin D, Rahm M, Weiss D, Wolfbeis OS, Mirsky VM (2007) Capacitive detection in ultrathin chemosensors prepared by molecularly imprinted grafting photopolymerization. Anal Chem 79:3220–3225
Deore B, Chen ZD, Nagaoka T (2000) Potential-induced enantioselective uptake of amino acid into molecularly imprinted overoxidized polypyrrole. Anal Chem 72:3989–3994
Dickert FL, Hayden O, Bindeus R, Mann KJ, Blaas D, Waigmann E (2004) Bioimprinted QCM sensors for virus detection-screening of plant sap. Anal Bioanal Chem 378:1929–1934
Dickey FH (1955) Specific adsorption. J Phys Chem 59:695–707
Donato L, Figoli A, Drioli E (2005) Novel composite poly (4-vinylpyridine)/polypropylene membranes with recognition properties for (S)-naproxen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 37:1003–1008
Dzgoev A, Haupt K (1999) Enantioselective molecularly imprinted polymer membranes. Chirality 11:465–469
Ersoz A, Denizli A, Ozcan A, Say R (2005) Molecularly imprinted ligand-exchange recognition assay of glucose by quartz crystal microbalance. Biosens Bioelectron 20:2197–2202
Fu Y, Finklea HO (2003) Quartz crystal microbalance sensor for organic vapor detection based on molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Chem 75:5387–5393
Han MN, Kane R, Goto M, Belfort G (2003) Discriminate surface molecular recognition sites on a microporous substrate: A new approach. Macromolecules 36:4472–4477
Hattori K, Hiwatari M, Iiyama C, Yoshimi Y, Kohori F, Sakai K, Piletsky SA (2004a) Gate effect of theophylline-imprinted polymers grafted to the cellulose by living radical polymerization. J Membrane Sci 233:169–173
Hattori K, Yoshimi Y, Ito T, Hirano K, Kohori F, Sakai K (2004b) Effect of electrostatic interactions on gate effect in molecularly imprinted polymers. Electrochemistry 72:508–510
Hattori K, Yoshimi Y, Sakai K (2001) Gate effect of cellulosic dialysis membrane grafted with molecularly imprinted polymer. J Chem Eng Jpn 34:1466–1469
Haupt K (2003) Molecularly imprinted polymers: The next generation. Anal Chem 75:376A–383A.
Haupt K, Mosbach K (2000) Molecularly imprinted polymers and their use in biomimetic sensors. Chem Rev 100:2495–2504
Hilal N, Kochkodan V, Al-Khatib L, Busca G (2002) Characterization of molecularly imprinted composite membranes using an atomic force microscope. Surf Interface Anal 33:672–675
Hilal N, Kochkodan V, Busca G, Kochkodan O, Atkin BP (2003) Thin layer composite molecularly imprinted membranes for selective separation of cAMP. Sep Purif Technol 31:281–289
Holthoff EL, Bright FV (2007) Molecularly templated materials in chemical sensing. Anal Chim Acta 594:147–161
Hong JM, Anderson PE, Qian J, Martin CR (1998) Selectively-permeable ultrathin film composite membranes based on molecularly-imprinted polymers. Chem Mater 10:1029–1033
Hu XG, Li GK (2006) Application of molecular imprinting technique in sample pretreatment. Chinese J Anal Chem 34:1035–1041
Kempe M, Mosbach K (1995) Separation of amino acids, peptides and proteins on molecularly imprinted stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 691:317–323
Kielczynski R, Bryjak M (2005) Molecularly imprinted membranes for cinchona alkaloids separation. Sep Purif Technol 41:231–235
Kimaro A, Kelly LA, Murray GM (2001) Molecularly imprinted ionically permeable membrane for uranyl ion. Chem Commun 1282–1283.
Klein E (2000) Affinity membranes: a 10-year review. J Membrane Sci 179:1–27
Kobayashi T, Fukaya T, Abe M, Fujii N (2002a) Phase inversion molecular imprinting by using template copolymers for high substrate recognition. Langmuir 18:2866–2872
Kobayashi T, Murawaki Y, Reddy PS, Abe M, Fujii N (2001) Molecular imprinting of caffeine and its recognition assay by quartz-crystal microbalance. Anal Chim Acta 435:141–149
Kobayashi T, Reddy PS, Ohta M, Abe M, Fujii N (2002b) Molecularly imprinted polysulfone membranes having acceptor sites for donor dibenzofuran as novel membrane adsorbents: Charge transfer interaction as recognition origin. Chem Mater 14:2499–2505
Kobayashi T, Wang HY, Fujii N (1995) Molecular imprinting of theophylline in acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer membranes. Chem Lett 927–928
Kobayashi T, Wang HY, Fujii N (1998) Molecular imprint membranes of poly-acrylonitrile copolymers with different acrylic acid segments. Anal Chim Acta 365:81–88
Kochkodan V, Hilal N, Windsor PJ, Lester E (2003) Composite microfiltration membranes imprinted with cAMP. Chem Eng Technol 26:463–468
Kochkodan V, Weigel W, Ulbricht M (2001) Thin layer molecularly imprinted microfiltration membranes by photofunctionalization using a coated alphacleavage photoinitiator. Analyst 126:803–809
Kochkodan V, Weigel W, Ulbricht M (2002) Molecularly imprinted composite membranes for selective binding of desmetryn from aqueous solutions. Desalination 149:323–328
Kondo Y, Yoshikawa M (2001a) Effect of solvent composition on chiral recognition ability of molecularly imprinted DIDE derivatives. Analyst 126:781–783
Lehmam M, Brunner H, Tovar GEM (2002) Selective separations and hydrodynamic studies: a new approach using molecularly imprinted nanosphere composite membranes. Desalination 149:315–321
Lin TY, Hu CH, Chon TC (2004) Determination of albumin concentration by MIP-QCM sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 20:75–81
Malaisamy R, Ulbricht M (2004) Evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymer blend filtration membranes under solid phase extraction conditions. Sep Purif Technol 39:211–219
Malitesta C, Losito I, Zambonin PG (1999) Molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized polymers: New materials for biomimetic sensors. Anal Chem 71:1366–1370
Marty JD, Mauzac M (2005) Molecular imprinting: state of the art and perspectives. Adv Polym Sci 172:1–35
Mathew-Krotz J, Shea KJ (1996) Imprinted polymer membranes for the selective transport of targeted neutral molecules. J Am Chem Soc 118:8154–8155
Mosbach K (2001) Toward the next generation of molecular imprinting with emphasis on the formation, by direct molding, of compounds with biological activity (biomimetics). Anal Chim Acta 435:3–8
Panasyuk-Delaney T, Mirsky VM, Wolfbeis OS (2002) Capacitive creatinine sensor based on a photografted molecularly imprinted polymer. Electroanalysis 14:221–224
Pauling L, Campbell D (1942) The manufacture of antibodies in vitro. J Exp Med 76:211–220
Percival CJ, Stanley S, Braithwaite A, Newton MI, McHale G (2002) Molecular imprinted polymer coated QCM for the detection of nandrolone. Analyst 127:1024–1026
Piletska EV, Turner NW, Turner APF, Piletsky SA (2005) Controlled release of the herbicide simazine from computationally designed molecularly imprinted polymers. J Control Release 108:132–139
Piletsky SA, Alcock S, Turner APF (2001) Molecular imprinting: at the edge of the third millennium. Trends Biotechnol 19:9–12
Piletsky SA, Dubey IY, Fedoryak DM, Kukhar VP (1990) Substrate-selective polymeric membranes: selective transfer of nucleie acid components. Biopolym Kletka 6:55–58
Piletsky SA, Matuschewski H, Schedler U, Wilpert A, Piletska EV, Thiele TA, Ulbricht M (2000) Surface functionalization of porous polypropylene membranes with molecularly imprinted polymers by photograft copolymerization in water. Macromolecules 33:3092–3098
Piletsky SA, Panasyuk TL, Piletskaya EV, Nicholls IA, Ulbricht M (1999) Receptor and transport properties of imprinted polymer membranes a review. J Membrane Sci 157:263–278
Piletsky SA, Piletskaya EV, Elgersma AV, Yano K, Karube I (1995) Atrazine sensing by melecularly imprinted membranes. Biosens Bioelectron 10:959–964
Piletsky SA, Piletskaya EV, Panasyuk TL, El’skaya AV (1998) Imprinted membranes for sensor technology: opposite behavior of covalently and noncovalently imprinted membranes. Macromolecules 31:2137–2140
Ramamoorthy M, Ulbricht M (2003) Molecular imprinting of cellulose acetatesulfonated polysulfone blend membranes for Rhodamine B by phase inversion technique. J Membrane Sci 217:207–214
Robertson GP, Guiver MD, Bilodeau F, Yoshikawa M (2003) Modified polysulfones. VI. Preparation of polymer membrane materials containing benzimine and benzylamine groups as precursors for molecularly imprinted sensor devices. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41:1316–1329
Ruckenstein E, Guo W (2004) Cellulose and glass fiber affinity membranes for the chromatographic separation of biomolecules. Biotechnol Progr 20:13–25
Ruckert B, Hall AJ, Sellergren B (2002) Molecularly imprinted composite materials via iniferter-modified supports. J Mater Chem 12:2275–2280
Schmidt RH, Belmont AS, Haupt K (2005) Porogen formulations for obtaining molecularly imprinted polymers with optimized binding properties. Anal Chim Acta 542:118–124
Schmidt RH, Haupt K (2005) Molecularly imprinted polymer films with binding properties enhanced by the reaction-induced phase separation of a sacrificial polymeric porogen. Chem Mater 17:1007–1016
Schmidt RH, Mosbach K, Haupt K (2004) A simple method for spin-coating molecularly imprinted polymer films of controlled thickness and porosity. Adv Mater 16: 719–722
Sellergren B, Lepisto M, Mosbach K (1988) Highly enantioselective and substrate-selective polymers obtained by molecular imprinting utilizing noncovalent interactions. NMR and chromatographic studies on the nature of recognition. J Am Chem Soc 110:5853–5860
Sellergren B, Ruckert B, Hall AJ (2002) Layer-by-layer grafting of molecularly imprinted polymers via iniferter modified supports. Adv. Mater 14:1204–1208
Sergeyeva TA, Brovko OO, Piletska EV, Piletsky SA, Goncharova LA, Karabanova LV, Sergeyeva LM, El’skaya AV (2007) Porous molecularly imprinted polymer membranes and polymeric particles. Anal Chim Acta 582:311–319
Sergeyeva TA, Matuschewski H, Piletsky SA, Bendig J, Schedler U, Ulbricht M (2001) Molecularly imprinted polymer membranes for substance-selective solid-phase extraction from water by surface photo-grafting polymerization. J Chromatogr A 907:89–99
Sergeyeva TA, Piletsky SA, Brovko AA, Slinchenko EA, Sergeeva LM, Panasyuk TL, El’skaya AV (1999) Conductimetric sensor for atrazine detection based on molecularly imprinted polymer membranes. Analyst 124:331–334
Sergeyeva TA, Piletsky SA, Piletska EV, Brovko OO, Karabanova LV, Sergeeva LM, El’skaya AV, Turner APF (2003) In situ formation of porous molecularly imprinted polymer membranes. Macromolecules 36:7352–7357
Shea KJ, Stoddard GJ (1991) Chemoselective targeting of fluorescence probes in polymer networks: detection of heterogeneous domains in styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Macromolecules 24:1207–1209
Silvestri D, Barbani N, Cristallini C, Giusti P, Ciardelli G (2006) Molecularly imprinted membranes for an improved recognition of biomolecules in aqueous medium. J Membrane Sci 282:284–295
Silvestri D, Cristallini C, Ciardelli G, Giusti P, Barbani N (2005) Molecularly imprinted bioartificial membranes for the selective recognition of biological molecules. Part 2: release of components and thermal analysis. J Biomat Sci-Polym Ed 16:397–410
Son SH, Jegal J (2007) Chiral separation of D,L-serine racemate using a molecularly imprinted polymer composite membrane. J Appl Polym Sci 104:1866–1872
Suedee R, Intakong W, Dickert FL (2006) Molecularly imprinted polymer-modified electrode for on-line conductometric monotoring of haloacetic acids in chlorinated water. Anal Chim Acta 569:66–75
Takeda K, Abe M, Kobayashi T (2005) Molecular-imprinted nylon membranes for the permselective binding of phenylalanine as optical-resolution membrane adsorbents. J Appl Polym Sci 97:620–626
Takeda K, Kobayashi T (2006) Hybrid molecularly imprinted membranes for targeted bisphenol derivatives. J Membrane Sci 275:61–69
Takeuchia T, Haginakab J (1999) Separation and sensing based on molecular recognition using molecularly imprinted polymers. J Chromatogr B 728:1–20
Titirici MM, Sellergren B (2006) Thin molecularly imprinted polymer films via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Chem Mater 18:1773–1779
Trotta F, Baggiani C, Luda MP, Drioli E, Massari T (2005) A molecular imprinted membrane for molecular discrimination of tetracycline hydrochloride. J Membrane Sci 254:13–19
Trotta F, Drioli E, Baggiani C, Lacopo D (2002) Molecular imprinted polymeric membrane for naringin recognition. J Membrane Sci 201:77–84
Tsuru N, Kikuchi M, Kawaguchi H, Shiratori S (2006) A quartz crystal microbalance sensor coated with MIP for “bisphenol A” and its properties. Thin Solid Films 499:380–385
Turner NW, Jeans CW, Brain KR, Allender CJ, Hlady V, Britt DW (2006) From 3D to 2D: A review of the molecular imprinting of proteins. Biotechnol Prog 22:1474–1489
Ulbricht M (2004) Membrane separations using molecularly imprinted polymers. J Chromatogr B 804:113–125
Ulbricht M, Belter M, Langenhangen U, Schmeider F, Weigel W (2002) Novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) composite membranes via controlled surface and pore functionalizations. Desalination 149:293–295
Ulbricht M, Malaisamy R (2005) Insights into the mechanism of molecular imprinting by immersion precipitation phase inversion of polymer blends via a detailed morphology analysis of porous membranes. J Mater Chem 15:1487–1497
Vlatakis G, Andersson LI, Muller R, Mosbach K (1993) Drug assay using antibody mimics made by molecular imprinting. Nature 361:645–647
Wang HJ, Zhou WH, Yin XF, Zhuang ZX, Yang HH, Wang XR (2006a) Template synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer nanotube membranes for chemical separations. J Am Chem Soc 128:15954–15955
Wang HJ, Zhou WH, Yin XF, Zhuang ZX, Yang HH, Wang XR (2006b) Template synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer nanotube membranes for chemical separations. J Am Chem Soc 128:15954–15955
Wang HY, Kobayashi T, Fujii N (1996) Molecular imprint membranes prepared by the phase inversion precipitation technique. Langmuir 12:4850–4856
Wang HY, Kobayashi T, Fujii N (1997a) Surface molecular imprinting on photosensitive dithiocarbamoyl polyacrylonitrile membranes using photograft polymerization. J Chem Technol Biol 70:355–362
Wang HY, Kobayashi T, Fukaya T, Fujii N (1997b) Molecular imprint membranes prepared by the phase inversion precipitation technique. 2. Influence of coagulation temperature in the phase inversion process on the encoding in polymeric membranes. Langmuir 13:5396–5400
Wang HY, Xia SL, Sun H, Liu YK, Cao SK, Kobayashi T (2004) Molecularly imprinted copolymer membranes functionalized by phase inversion imprinting for uracil recognition and permselective bindings. J Chromatogr B 804:127–134
Wei XL, Li X, Husson SM (2005) Surface molecular imprinting by atom transfer radical polymerization. Biomacromolecules 6:1113–1121
Whitcombe MJ, Rodriguez ME, Villar P, Vulfson EN (1995) A new method for the introduction of recognition site functionality into polymers prepared by molecular imprinting-synthesis and characterization of polymeric receptors for cholesterol. J Am Chem Soc 117:7105–7111
Whitcombe MJ, Vulfson EN (2001) Imprinted polymers. Adv Mater 13:467–478
Wulff G (1995) Molecular imprinting in crosslinked materials with the aid of molecular templates—a way towards artificial antibodies. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:1812–1832
Wulff G, Sarhan A (1972) Use of polymers with enzyme-analogous structures for the resolution of racemates. Angew Chem Int Ed 11:341–344
Wulff G, Schauhoff S (1991) Enzyme-analog-built polymers. 27. Racemic resolution of free sugars with macroporous polymers prepared by molecular imprinting. Selectivity dependence on the arrangement of functional groups versus spatial requirements. J Org Chem 56:395–400
Yang L, Wei WZ, Xia JJ, Tao H (2004) Artificial receptor layer for herbicide detection based on electrosynthesized molecular imprinting technique and capacitive transduction. Anal Lett 37:2303–2319
Yang L, Wei WZ, Xia JJ, Tao H, Yang PH (2005) Capacitive biosensor for glutathione detection based on electropolymerized modecularly imprinted polymer and kinetic investigation of the recognition process. Electroanalysis 17:969–977
Ye L, Mosbach K (2001) The technique of molecular imprinting—principle, state of the art, and future aspects. J Incl Phenom Macro 41:107–113
Yoshikawa M (2002) Molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes. Bioseparation 10:277–286
Yoshikawa M, Fujisawa T, Izumi J (1999a) Molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes having EFF derivatives as a chiral recognition site. Macromol Chem Phys 200:1458–1465
Yoshikawa M, Fujisawa T, Izumi J, Kitao T, Sakamoto S (1998a) Molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes involving tetrapeptide EQKL derivatives as chiral-recognition sites toward amino acids. Anal Chim Acta 365:59–67
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J (2003) Chiral recognition sites converted from tetrapeptide derivatives adopting racemates as print molecules. Macromol Biosci 3:487–498
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J, Guiver MD, Robertson GP (2001a) Recognition and selective transport of nucleic acid components through molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes. Macromol Mater Eng 286:52–59
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J, Kitao T (1997a) Enantioselective electrodialysis of amino acids with charged polar side chains through molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes containing DIDE derivatives. Polym J 29:205–210
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J, Kitao T (1999b) Alternative molecular imprinting, a facile way to introduce chiral recognition sites. React Funct Polym 42:93–102
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J, Kitao T, Koya S, Sakamoto S (1995) Molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes for optical resolution. J Membrane Sci 108:171–175
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J, Kitao T, Sakamoto S (1997b) Alternative molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes from a tetrapeptide residue consisting of D-or L-amino acids. Macromol Rapid Comm 18:761–767
Yoshikawa M, Izumi J, Ooi T, Kitao T, Guiver MD, Robertson GP (1998b) Carboxylated polysulfone membranes having a chiral recognition site induced by an alternative molecular imprinting technique. Polym Bull 40:517–524
Yoshikawa M, Kawamura K, Ejima A, Aoki T, Sakurai S, Hayashi K, Watanabe K (2006a) Green polymers from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM465-Candidates for molecularly imprinted materials. Macromol Biosci 6:210–215
Yoshikawa M, Koso K, Yonetani K, Kitamura S, Kimura S (2005) Optical resolution of racemic amino acid derivatives with molecularly imprinted membranes bearing oligopeptide tweezers. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43:385–396
Yoshikawa M, Murakoshi K, Kogita T, Hanaoka K, Guiver MD, Robertson GP (2006b) Chiral separation membranes from modified polysulfone having myrtenal-derived terpenoid side groups. Eur Polym J 42:2532–2539
Yoshikawa M, Ooi T, Izumi J (1999c) Alternative molecularly imprinted membranes from a derivative of natural polymer, cellulose acetate. J Appl Polym Sci 72:493–499
Yoshikawa M, Ooi T, Izumi J (2001b) Novel membrane materials having EEE derivatives as a chiral recognition site. Eur Polym J 37:335–342
Yoshimi Y, Ohdaira R, Iiyama C, Sakai K (2001) “Gate effect” of thin layer of molecularly-imprinted poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate). Sensor Actuat B-Chem 73:49–53
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou and Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2009). Molecularly Imprinted Membranes. In: Surface Engineering of Polymer Membranes. Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88413-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88413-2_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88412-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88413-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)