Abstract
In this chapter we propose a novel generic pigment model suitable for digital painting in a wide range of genres including traditional Chinese painting and water-based painting. The model embodies a simulation of the pigment-water solution and its interaction with the brush and the paper at the level of pigment particles; such a level of detail is needed for achieving highly intricate effects by the artist. The simulation covers pigment diffusion and sorption processes at the paper surface, and aspects of pigment particle deposition on the paper. We follow rules and formulations from quantitative studies of adsorption and diffusion processes in surface chemistry and the textile industry. The result is a pigment model that spans a continuum from very wet to very dry brush stroke effects. We also propose a new pigment mixing method based on machine learning techniques to emulate pigment mixing in real life as well as to support the creation of new artificial pigments. To experiment with the proposed model, we embedded the model in a sophisticated digital brush system. The combined system exhibits interactive speed on a modest PC platform.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arthur W. Adarnson and Alice P. Gast. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. Wiley-Interscience, August 1997.
William Baxter. Physically-based Modeling Techniques for Interactrive Digital Painting. PhD Thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2004.
Koen Beets, Tom Van Laerhoven, and Frank Van Reeth. Introducing artistic tools in an interactive paint system. In Proc. of WSCG, Plzen, Czech Republic: Union Agency-Science Press, 2006.
Bill Baxter, Vincent Scheib, Ming C. Lin, and Dinesh Manocha. DAB: Interactive haptic painting with 3D virtual brushes. In SIGGRAPH’ 01: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles, CA, USA: ACM Press, pages 461–468, 2001.
William Baxter, Jeremy Wendt, and Ming C. Lin. Impasto: a realistic, Interactive model for paint. In NPAR’ 04: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, Annecy, France: ACM Press, pages 45–148, 2004.
[CAS+97]_Cassidy J. Curtis, Sean E. Anderson, Joshua E. Seims, Kurt W. Fleischer, and David H. Salesin. Computer-generated watercolor. In SIGGRAPH’ 97: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pages 421–430, Los Angeles, CA, USA: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1997.
Tunde Cockshott, John Patterson, and David England. Modelling the texture of paint. Computer Graphics Forum, 11(3):217–226, 1992.
John Crank. The Mathematics of Diffusion. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1975.
Nello Cristianini and Bernhard Scholkopf. Support vector machines and kernel methods: the new generation of learning machines. AI Magazine, 23(3):31–41, 2002.
Nelson S.H. Chu and Chiew-Lan Tai. Real-time painting with an expressive virtual Chinese brush. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 24(5):76–85, 2004.
Nelson S.H. Chu and Chiew-Lan Tai. Moxi: real-time ink dispersion in absorbent paper. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 24(3):504–511, 2005.
A. Fick. Ann. Physik (Leipzig), 94:59, 1855.
Qinglian Guo and Tosiyasu L. Kunii. Modeling the diffuse painting of Sumie. IFIP Modeling in Computer Graphics, Tokyo, Japan: Springer-Verlag, pages 329–338, 1991.
Qinglian Guo and Tosiyasu L. Kunii. “Nijimi” rendering algorithm for creating quality black ink paintings. In Proceedings of Compu ter Graphics International (CGI), Tokyo, Japan: IEEE Computer Society, pages 152–159, 2003.
Qinglian Guo. Generating realistic calligraphy words. IEICE Transactions on Fundametals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences, E78A(11):1556–1558, 1995.
Simon Haykin. Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 2001.
Mark J. Harris, William V. Baxter, Thorsten Scheuermann, and Anselmo Lastra. Simulation of cloud dynamics on graphics hardware. In HWWS’ 03: Proceedings of the ACM SIG-GRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS Conference on Graphics Hardware, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland: Eurographics Association, pages 92–101, 2003.
Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Elsevier, 2nd edition, 2006.
Siu-Chi Hsu and Irene H. H. Lee. Drawing and animation using skeletal strokes. In SIGGRAPH’ 94: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Orlando, FL, USA: ACM Press, pages 109–118, 1994.
Chet S. Haase and Gary W. Meyer. Modeling pigmented materials for realistic image synthesis. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 11(4): 305–335, 1992.
O. Kallmes and H. Corte. The structure of paper, I. the statistical geometry of an ideal two dimensional fiber network. Tappi Journal, 43(9):737–752, 1960.
Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Gleb V. Nosovskij, and Vladimir L. Vecherlinin. Two-dimensional diffusion model for diffuse ink painting. International Journal of Shape Modeling, 7(1):45–58, 2001.
P. Kubelka. New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering material, part I. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 38:448–457, 1948.
Jens Kruger and Rudiger Westermann. Linear algebra operators for GPU implementation of numerical algorithms. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 22(3):908–916, 2003.
I. Langmuir. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 40:1361–1403, 1908.
Jintae Lee. Physically-based modeling of brush painting. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 29(14):1571–1576, 1997.
Jintae Lee. Simulating Oriental black-ink painting. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 19(3):74–81, 1999.
Jintae Lee. Diffusion rendering of black ink paintings using new paper and ink models. Computers and Graphics, 25(2):295–308, 2001.
Tom Van Laerhoven, Jori Liesenborgs, and Frank Van Reeth. Real-time watercolor painting on a distributed paper model. In CGI’04: Proc. of Computer Graphics International, Crete, Greece: IEEE Computer Society, pages 640–643, 2004.
Yuan Lou, Salome Martinez, and Peter Polacik. Loops and branches of coexistence states in a Lotka-Volterra competition model. Journal of Differential Equations, 230(2):720–742, 2006.
Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Gleb V. Nosovskij, and Takafumi Hayashi. A diffusion model for computer animation of diffuse ink painting. In Proceedings of Computer Animation, Geneva, Switzerland: IEEE Computer Society, pages 98–102, 1995.
Tom Van Laerhoven and Frank Van Reeth. Real-time simulation of thin paint media. In SIGGRAPH2005 sketch, Los Angeles, CA, USA: ACM Press, 2005.
Wei-Jin Lin and Zhen-Chung Shih. Computer-generated Chinese painting with physically-based ink and color diffusion. In CGW’04: Proc. of Cracow Grid Workshop, Cracow, Poland: IOS Press, 2004.
Richard I. Masel. Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces. Wiley-Interscience, 1996.
Elaine M. McCash. Surface Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2001.
R. McGregor. Diffusion and Sorption in Fibres and Films: an Introduction with Particular Reference to Dyes, London,UK; New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, volume 1, 1974.
D. N. Misra. Adsorption on Heterogeneous Surfaces: A Dubinin-Radushkevich Equation. Surface Science, 1969.
A. B. Newman. Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 27:203–220, 1931.
Matt Pharr and Randima Fernando. GPU Gems 2: Programming Techniques for High-performance Graphics and General-purpose Computation. nVIDIA, 2005.
Binh Pham. Expressive brush strokes. CVGIP: Graph. Models Image Process., 53(1):1–6, 1991.
H. F. Rance. Handbook of Paper Science: Science and Technology of Papermaking, Paper Properties and Paper Usage, Amsterdam: Elsevier, volume 2, 1982.
Dave Rudolf, David Mould, and Eric Neufeld. Simulating wax crayons. In Proc. of Pacific Graphics, Alberta, Canada: IEEE Computer Society, pages 164–173, 2003.
Douglas M. Ruthven. Principles of Adsorption and Adsorption Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1984.
David Small. Simulating watercolor by modeling diffusion, pigment, and paper fibers. In Proc. of SPIE’ 91, San Diego, CA, USA: SPIE Press, 1991.
Steve Strassmann. Hairy brushes. In SIGGRAPH’ 86: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Dallas, TX, USA: ACM Press, pages 225–232, 1986.
Motoyuki Suzuki. Adsorption Engineering. Elsevier, 1990.
Shriram Santhanagopalanm and Ralph E. White. Series solution to the transient convective diffusion equation for a rotating disk electrode. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 151(8):550–553, 2004.
Chi Tien. Adsorption Calculations and Modeling. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.
Helena T.F. Wong and Horace H.S. Ip. Virtual brush: a model-based synthesis of Chinese calligraphy. Computers and Graphics, 24(1):99–113, 2000.
Steven Worley. A cellular texture basis function. In Proc. of SIGGRAPH, New Orleans, LA, USA: ACM Press, pages 291–294, 1996.
Songhua Xu, Francis C. M. Lau, Feng Tang, and Yunhe Pan. Advanced design for a realistic virtual brush. Computer Graphics Forum. In Proceedings of Eurographics’ 03, 22(3):533–542, 2003.
Songhua Xu, Min Tang, Francis CM. Lau, and Yunhe Pan. A solid model based virtual hairy brush. Computer Graphics Forum. In Proceedings of Eurographics’ 02, 21(3):299–308 & 625, 2002.
Songhua Xu, Min Tang, Francis C.M. Lau, and Yunhe Pan. Virtual hairy brush for painterly rendering. Graphical Models, 66(5):263–302, 2004.
[XXK+06]_Songhua Xu, Yingqing Xu, Sing-Bing Kang, David H. Salesin, Yunhe Pan, and Heung-Yeung Shum. Animating Chinese paintings through stroke-based decomposition. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 25(2):239–267, 2006.
Ralph T. Yang. Adsorbents: Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley-Interscience, 2003.
Young-Jung Yu, Do-Hoon Lee, Young-Bock Lee, and Hwan-Gue Cho. Interactive rendering technique for realistic oriental painting. Journal of WSCG, 11:538–545, 2003.
[ZST+99]_Qing Zhang, Youetsu Sato, Junya Takahashi, Kazunobu Muraoka, and Norishige Chiba. Simple cellular automaton-based simulation of ink behavior and its application to Suibokuga-like 3D rendering of trees. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 10(1):27–37, 1999.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou and Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2009). Pigment Component of an Advanced Virtual Hairy Paintbrush System. In: A Computational Approach to Digital Chinese Painting and Calligraphy. Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88148-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88148-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88147-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88148-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)