Abstract
This paper introduces a probabilistic description logic that adds probabilistic inclusions to the popular logic \(\mathcal{ALC}\), and derives inference algorithms for inference in the logic. The probabilistic logic, referred to as cr \(\mathcal{ALC}\) (“credal” \(\mathcal{ALC}\)), combines the usual acyclicity condition with a Markov condition; in this context, inference is equated with calculation of (bounds on) posterior probability in relational credal/Bayesian networks. As exact inference does not seem scalable due to the presence of quantifiers, we present first-order loopy propagation methods that seem to behave appropriately for non-trivial domain sizes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andersen, K.A., Hooker, J.N.: Bayesian logic. Decision Support Systems 11, 191–210 (1994)
Baader, F., Calvanese, D., McGuinness, D.L., Nardi, D., Patel-Schneider, P.F.: Description Logic Handbook. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2002)
Bacchus, F.: Representing and Reasoning with Probabilistic Knowledge: A Logical Approach. MIT Press, Cambridge (1990)
Berners-Lee, T., Hendlers, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. In: Scientific American, pp. 34–43 (2001)
Borgida, A.: On the relative expressiveness of description logics and predicate logics. Artificial Intelligence 82(1-2), 353–367 (1996)
Costa, P.C.G., Laskey, K.B.: PR-OWL: A framework for probabilistic ontologies. In: Conf. on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (2006)
da Costa, P.C.G., Laskey, K.B.: Of Klingons and starships: Bayesian logic for the 23rd century. In: Conf. on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (2005)
Cozman, F.G.: Credal networks. Artificial Intelligence 120, 199–233 (2000)
Cozman, F.G., de Campos, C.P., Ferreira da Rocha, J.C.: Probabilistic logic with independence. Int. Journal of Approximate Reasoning (in press, September 7, 2007) doi: 10.1016/j.ijar.2007.08.002
Polpo de Campos, C., Cozman, F.G., Luna, J.E.O.: Assessing a consistent set of sentences in relational probabilistic logic with stochastic independence. Journal of Applied Logic (to appear)
de Salvo Braz, R., Amir, E., Roth, D.: Lifted first-order probabilistic inference. In: Int. Joint Conf. in Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) (2005)
de Salvo Braz, R., Amir, E., Roth, D.: MPE and partial inversion in lifted probabilistic variable elimination. AAAI (2006)
Ding, Z., Peng, Y., Pan, R.: BayesOWL: Uncertainty modeling in semantic web ontologies. In: Soft Computing in Ontologies and Semantic Web. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 204. Springer, Berlin (2006)
Dürig, M., Studer, T.: Probabilistic ABox reasoning: preliminary results. In: Description Logics, pp. 104–111 (2005)
Gaifman, H.: Concerning measures on first-order calculi. Israel Journal of Mathematics 2, 1–18 (1964)
Getoor, L., Friedman, N., Koller, D., Taskar, B.: Learning probabilistic models of relational structure. In: Int. Conf. on Machine Learning, pp. 170–177 (2001)
Getoor, L., Taskar, B.: Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (2007)
Lukasiewicz, T., Giugno, R.: P-SHOQ(D): A probabilistic extension of SHOQ(D) for probabilistic ontologies in the semantic web. In: Flesca, S., Greco, S., Leone, N., Ianni, G. (eds.) JELIA 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2424, pp. 86–97. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Halpern, J.Y.: Reasoning about Uncertainty. MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)
Heinsohn, J.: Probabilistic description logics. In: Conf. on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 311–318 (1994)
Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P.F., van Harmelen, F.: From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. Journal of Web Semantics 1(1), 7–26 (2003)
Hung, E., Getoor, L., Subrahmanian, V.S.: Probabilistic interval XML. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 8(4) (2007)
Ide, J.S., Cozman, F.G.: Approximate algorithms for credal networks with binary variables. Int. Journal of Approximate Reasoning 48(1), 275–296 (2008)
Jaeger, M.: Probabilistic reasoning in terminological logics. Principles of Knowledge Representation (KR), pp. 461–472 (1994)
Jaeger, M.: Relational Bayesian networks. In: Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 266–273. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1997)
Jaeger, M.: Convergence results for relational Bayesian networks. LICS (1998)
Jaeger, M.: Reasoning about infinite random structures with relational Bayesian networks. In: Knowledge Representation. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1998)
Jaimovich, A., Meshi, O., Friedman, N.: Template based inference in symmetric relational Markov random fields. Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Canada. AUAI Press (2007)
Jordan, M.I., Ghahramani, Z., Jaakkola, T.S.: An introduction to variational methods for graphical models. Machine Learning 37, 183–233 (1999)
Koller, D., Pfeffer, A.: Object-oriented Bayesian networks. In: Conf. on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 302–313 (1997)
Kyburg Jr., H.E., Teng, C.M.: Uncertain Inference. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Lukasiewicz, T.: Probabilistic logic programming. In: European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 388–392 (1998)
Lukasiewicz, T.: Expressive probabilistic description logics. Artificial Intelligence (to appear)
Lukasiewicz, T., Straccia, U.: Managing uncertainty and vagueness in description logics for the semantic web (submitted, 2008)
Milch, B., Marthi, B., Sontag, D., Russell, S., Ong, D.L., Kolobov, A.: BLOG: Probabilistic models with unknown objects. In: IJCAI (2005)
Milch, B., Russell, S.: First-order probabilistic languages: into the unknown. In: Int. Conf. on Inductive Logic Programming (2007)
Motik, B., Horrocks, I., Rosati, R., Sattler, U.: Can OWL and logic programming live together happily ever after? In: Cruz, I., Decker, S., Allemang, D., Preist, C., Schwabe, D., Mika, P., Uschold, M., Aroyo, L.M. (eds.) ISWC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4273, pp. 501–514. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Moussouris, J.: Gibbs and Markov random systems with constraints. Journal of Statistical Physics 10(1), 11–33 (1974)
Murphy, K.P., Weiss, Y., Jordan, M.I.: Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In: Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 467–475 (1999)
Nottelmann, H., Fuhr, N.: Adding probabilities and rules to OWL lite subsets based on probabilistic datalog. Int. Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-based Systems 14(1), 17–42 (2006)
Pfeffer, A., Koller, D.: Semantics and inference for recursive probability models. In: AAAI, pp. 538–544 (2000)
Poole, D.: First-order probabilistic inference. In: Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 985–991 (2003)
Richardson, M., Domingos, P.: Markov logic networks. Machine Learning 62(1-2), 107–136 (2006)
Schild, K.: A correspondence theory for terminological logics: Preliminary report. In: Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 466–471 (1991)
Schmidt-Schauss, M., Smolka, G.: Attributive concept descriptions with complements. Artificial Intelligence 48, 1–26 (1991)
Sebastiani, F.: A probabilistic terminological logic for modelling information retrieval. In: Int. ACM Conf. on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), Dublin, Ireland, pp. 122–130. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Sigla, P., Domingos, P.: Markov logic in infinite domains. In: Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 368–375. AUAI Press (2007)
Sigla, P., Domingos, P.: Lifted first-order belief propagation. AAAI (2008)
Staker, R.: Reasoning in expressive description logics using belief networks. In: Int. Conf. on Information and Knowledge Engineering, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 489–495 (2002)
Taskar, B., Abbeel, P., Koller, D.: Discriminative probabilistic models for relational data. In: Conf. on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Edmonton, Canada (2002)
Ycart, B., Rousset, M.-C.: A zero-one law for random sentences in description logics. Colloquium on Mathematics and Computer Science (2000)
Yelland, P.M.: Market analysis using a combination of Bayesian networks and description logics. Technical Report SMLI TR-99-78, Sun Microsystems Laboratories (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cozman, F.G., Polastro, R.B. (2008). Loopy Propagation in a Probabilistic Description Logic. In: Greco, S., Lukasiewicz, T. (eds) Scalable Uncertainty Management. SUM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5291. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87993-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87993-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87992-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87993-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)