The Future of Epiduroscopy

Abstract

Since the invention of the first real endoscope by physician Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902), now, at the beginning of the third millennium, endoscopy has become an integral part of modern medical diagnostics and treatment. Today, the spectrum of minimally invasive surgery includes frequently performed procedures such as inguinal and femoral hernia repair, endoscopically assisted joint surgery, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic gall bladder and colon surgery, staging laparoscopy, diagnostic laparoscopy, laparoscopic reflux surgery, minimally invasive surgery for benign diseases of the liver and transanal endoscopic microsurgery of the rectum.