Skip to main content

Rhodopsin kinase

  • Chapter
Class 2 Transferases

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Enzymes ((HDBKENZYMES,volume S3))

  • 499 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kemp, B.E.; Parker, M.W.; Hu, S.; Tiganis, T.; House, C.: Substrate and pseudosubstrate interactions with protein kinases: determinants of specificity. Trends Biochem. Sci., 19, 440–444 (1994)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lorenz, W.; Inglese, J.; Palczewski, K.; Onorato, J.J.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J.: The receptor kinase family: primary structure of rhodopsin kinase reveals similarities to the b-adrenergic receptor kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 88, 8715–8719 (1991)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Palczewski, K.; Buczylko, J.; Van Hooser, P.; Carr, S.A.; Huddleston, M.J.; Crabb, J.W.: Identification of the autophosphorylation sites in rhodopsin kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 267, 18991–18998 (1992)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Khani, S.C.; Abitbol, M.; Yamamoto, S.; Maravic-Magovcevic, I.; Dryja, T.P.: Characterization and chromosomal localization of the gene for human rhodopsin kinase. Genomics., 35, 571–576 (1996)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Yamamoto, S.; Sippel, K.C.; Berson, E.L.; Dryja, T.P.: Defects in the rhodopsin kinase gene in the Oguchi form of stationary night blindness. Nat. Genet., 15, 175–178 (1997)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhao, X.; Haeseleer, F.; Fariss, R.N.; Huang, J.; Baehr, W.; Milam, A.H.; Palczewski, K.: Molecular cloning and localization of rhodopsin kinase in the mammalian pineal. Vis. Neurosci., 14, 225–232 (1997)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Tokumitsu, H.; Enslen, H.; Soderling, T.R.: Characterization of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. Molecular cloning and expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 19320–19324 (1995)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, C.K.; Burns, M.E.; Spencer, M.; Niemi, G.A.; Chen, J.; Hurley, J.B.; Baylor, D.A.; Simon, M.I.: Abnormal photoresponses and light-induced apoptosis in rods lacking rhodopsin kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 96, 3718–3722 (1999)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Weiss, E.R.; Ducceschi, M.H.; Horner, T.J.; Li, A.; Craft, C.M.; Osawa, S.: Species-specific differences in expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 7 and GRK1 in mammalian cone photoreceptor cells: implications for cone cell phototransduction. J. Neurosci., 21, 9175–9184 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cassill, J.A.; Whitney, M.; Joazeiro, C.A.; Becker, A.; Zuker, C.S.: Isolation of Drosophila genes encoding G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 88, 11067–11070 (1991)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Weller, M.; Virmaux, N.; Mandel, P.: Light-stimulated phosphorylation of rhodopsin in the retina: the presence of a protein kinase that is specific for photobleached rhodopsin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 381–385 (1975)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Shichi, H.; Somers, R.L.: Light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin. Purification and properties of rhodopsin kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 253, 7040–7046 (1978)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shichi, H.; Somers, R.L.; Yamamoto, K.: Rhodopsin kinase. Methods Enzymol., 99, 362–366 (1983)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Benovic, J.L.; Mayor, F.; Somers, R.L.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J.: Lightdependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin by β-adrenergic receptor kinase. Nature., 321, 869–872 (1986)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Palczewski, K.; McDowell, J.H.; Hargrave, P.A.: Purification and characterization of rhodopsin kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 263, 14067–14073 (1988)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Palczewski, K.; Buzylko, J.; Kaplan, M.W.; Polans, A.S.; Crabb, J.W.: Mechanism of rhodopsin kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 12949–12955 (1991)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Adamus, G.; Arendt, A.; Hargrave, P.A.; Heyduk, T.; Palczewski, K.: The kinetics of multiphosphorylation of rhodopsin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 304, 443–447 (1993)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sitaramayya, A.: Rhodopsin kinase prepared from bovine rod disk membranes quenches light activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase in a reconstituted system. Biochemistry, 25, 5460–5468 (1986)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Palczewski, K.; McDowell, J.H.; Hargrave, P.A.: Rhodopsin kinase: substrate specificity and factors that influence activity. Biochemistry, 27, 2306–2313 (1988)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee, R.H.; Brown, B.M.; Lolley, R.N.: Autophosphorylation of rhodopsin kinase from retinal rod outer segments. Biochemistry, 21, 3303–3307 (1982)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Palczewski, K.; Kahn, N.; Hargrave, P.A.: Nucleoside inhibitors of rhodopsin kinase. Biochemistry, 29, 6276–6282 (1990)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kelleher, D.J.; Johnson, G.L.: Characterization of rhodopsin kinase purified from bovine rod outer segments. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 2632–2639 (1990)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Doza, Y.N.; Minke, B.; Chorev, M.; Selinger, Z.: Characterization of fly rhodopsin kinase. Eur. J. Biochem., 209, 1035–1040 (1992)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Onorato, J.J.; Palczewski, K.; Regan, J.W.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J.; Benovic, J.L.: Role of acidic amino acids in peptide substrates of the β-adrenergic receptor kinase and rhodopsin kinase. Biochemistry., 30, 5118–5125 (1991)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yu, Q.M.; Cheng, Z.J.; Zhao, J.; Zhou, T.H.; Wu, Y.L.; Ma, L.; Pei, G.: Carboxyl terminal of rhodopsin kinase is required for the phosphorylation of photo-activated rhodopsin. Cell Res., 8, 303–310 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen, C.-K.; Hurley, J.B.: Purification of rhodopsin kinase by recoverin affinity chromatography. Methods Enzymol., 315, 404–410 (2000)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen, C.K.: Recoverin and rhodopsin kinase. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 514, 101–107 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Mayeenuddin, L.H.; Mitchell, J.: Squid visual arrestin: cDNA cloning and calcium-dependent phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase (SQRK). J. Neurochem., 85, 592–600 (2003)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dean, K.R.; Akhtar, M.: Novel mechanism for the activation of rhodopsin kinase: Implications for other G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK’s). Biochemistry, 35, 6164–6172 (1996)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Senin, I.I.; Koch, K.-W.; Akhtar, M.; Philippov, P.P.: Ca2+-dependent control of rhodopsin phosphorylation: Recoverin and rhodopsin kinase. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 514, 69–99 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sokal, I.; Pulvermüller, A.; Buczylko, J.; Hofmann, K.-P.; Palczewski, K.: Rhodopsin and its kinase. Methods Enzymol., 343, 578–600 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. McCarthy, N.E.M.; Akhtar, M.: Activation of rhodopsin kinase. Biochem. J., 363, 359–364 (2002)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Cai, K.; Klein-Seetharaman, J.; Hwa, J.; Hubbell, W.L.; Khorana, H.G.: Structure and function in rhodopsin: Effects of disulfide cross-links in the cytoplasmic face of rhodopsin on transducin activation and phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase. Biochemistry, 38, 12893–12898 (1999)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhao, X.; Yokoyama, K.; Whitten, M.E.; Huang, J.; Gelb, M.H.; Palczewski, K.: A novel form of rhodopsin kinase from chicken retina and pineal gland. FEBS Lett., 454, 115–121 (1999)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Bruel, C.; Cha, K.; Reeves, P.J.; Getmanova, E.; Khorana, H.G.: Rhodopsin kinase: Expression in mammalian cells and a two-step purification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 3004–3009 (2000)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhao, X.; Huang, J.; Khani, S.C.; Palczewski, K.: Molecular forms of human rhodopsin kinase (GRK1). J. Biol. Chem., 273, 5124–5131 (1998)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Cha, K.; Bruel, C.; Inglese, J.; Khorana, H.G.: Rhodopsin kinase: Expression in baculovirus-infected insect cells, and characterization of post-translational modifications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 10577–10582 (1997)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kikkawa, S.; Yoshida, N.; Nakagawa, M.; Iwasa, T.; Tsuda, M.: A novel rhodopsin kinase in Octopus photoreceptor possesses a pleckstrin homology domain and is activated by G protein βγ-subunits. J. Biol. Chem., 273, 7441–7447 (1998)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Chen, C.-K.; Inglese, J.; Lefkowitz, R.J.; Hurley, J.B.: Ca2+-dependent interaction of recoverin with rhodopsin kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 18060–18066 (1995)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Palczewski, K.; Ohguro, H.; Premont, R.T.; Inglese, J.: Rhodopsin kinase autophosphorylation. Characterization of site-specific mutations. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 15294–15298 (1995)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Satpaev, D.K.; Chen, C.-K.; Scotti, A.; Simon, M.I.; Hurley, J.B.; Slepak, V.Z.: Autophosphorylation and ADP regulate the Ca2+-dependent interaction of recoverin with rhodopsin kinase. Biochemistry, 37, 10256–10262 (1998)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Shi, W.; Sports, C.D.; Raman, D.; Shirakawa, S.; Osawa, S.; Weiss, E.R.: Rhodopsin arginine-135 mutants are phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase and bind arrestin in the absence of 11-cis-retinal. Biochemistry, 37, 4869–4874 (1998)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Maeda, T.; Imanishi, Y.; Palczewski, K.: Rhodopsin phosphorylation: 30 years later. Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 22, 417–434 (2003)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Horner, T.J.; Osawa, S.; Schaller, M.D.; Weiss, E.R.: Phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase attenuates their enzymatic activities. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 28241–28250 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Adams, R.A.; Liu, X.; Williams, D.S.; Newton, A.C.: Differential spatial and temporal phosphorylation of the visual receptor, rhodopsin, at two primary phosphorylation sites in mice exposed to light. Biochem. J., 374, 537–543 (2003)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Komolov, K.E.; Zinchenko, D.V.; Churumova, V.A.; Vaganova, S.A.; Weiergraeber, O.H.; Senin, I.I.; Philippov, P.P.; Koch, K.-W.: One of the Ca2+ binding sites of recoverin exclusively controls interaction with rhodopsin kinase. Biol. Chem., 386, 285–289 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kim, Y.H.; Kim, Y.S.; Noh, H.S.; Kang, S.S.; Cheon, E.W.; Park, S.K.; Lee, B.J.; Choi, W.S.; Cho, G.J.: Changes in rhodopsin kinase and transducin in the rat retina in early-stage diabetes. Exp. Eye Res., 80, 753–760 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Senin, I.I.; Hoeppner-Heitmann, D.; Polkovnikova, O.O.; Churumova, V.A.; Tikhomirova, N.K.; Philippov, P.P.; Koch, K.-W.: Recoverin and rhodopsin kinase activity in detergent-resistant membrane rafts from rod outer segments. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 48647–48653 (2004)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Shi, G.W.; Chen, J.; Concepcion, F.; Motamedchaboki, K.; Marjoram, P.; Langen, R.: Light causes phosphorylation of nonactivated visual pigments in intact mouse rod photoreceptor cells. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 41184–41191 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Zhu, X.; Brown, B.; Li, A.; Mears, A.J.; Swaroop, A.; Craft, C.M.: GRK1-dependent phosphorylation of S and M opsins and their binding to cone arrestin during cone phototransduction in the mouse retina. J. Neurosci., 23, 6152–6160 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Rinner, O.; Makhankov, Y.V.; Biehlmaier, O.; Neuhauss, S.C.F.: Knockdown of cone-specific kinase GRK7 in larval zebrafish leads to impaired cone response recovery and delayed dark adaptation. Neuron, 47, 231–242 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Lee, S.-J.; Xu, H.; Montell, C.: Rhodopsin kinase activity modulates the amplitude of the visual response in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 11874–11879 (2004)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Young, J.E.; Kasperek, E.M.; Vogt, T.M.; Lis, A.; Khani, S.C.: Conserved interactions of a compact highly active enhancer/promoter upstream of the rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) gene. Genomics, 90, 236–248 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Higgins, M.K.; Oprian, D.D.; Schertler, G.F.: Recoverin binds exclusively to an amphipathic peptide at the N terminus of rhodopsin kinase, inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation without affecting catalytic activity of the kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 281, 19426–19432 (2006)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ames, J.B.; Levay, K.; Wingard, J.N.; Lusin, J.D.; Slepak, V.Z.: Structural basis for calcium-induced inhibition of rhodopsin kinase by recoverin. J. Biol. Chem., 281, 37237–37245 (2006)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Swardfager, W.; Mitchell, J.: Purification of visual arrestin from squid photoreceptors and characterization of arrestin interaction with rhodopsin and rhodopsin kinase. J. Neurochem., 101, 223–231 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Wada, Y.; Sugiyama, J.; Okano, T.; Fukada, Y.: GRK1 and GRK7: unique cellular distribution and widely different activities of opsin phosphorylation in the zebrafish rods and cones. J. Neurochem., 98, 824–837 (2006)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Hayashi, T.; Gekka, T.; Takeuchi, T.; Goto-Omoto, S.; Kitahara, K.: A novel homozygous GRK1 mutation (P391H) in 2 siblings with Oguchi disease with markedly reduced cone responses. Ophthalmology, 114, 134–141 (2007)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang, H.; Li, S.; Doan, T.; Rieke, F.; Detwiler, P.B.; Frederick, J.M.; Baehr, W.: Deletion of PrBP/δ impedes transport of GRK1 and PDE6 catalytic subunits to photoreceptor outer segments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 8857–8862 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2009). Rhodopsin kinase. In: Schomburg, D., Schomburg, I., Chang, A. (eds) Class 2 Transferases. Springer Handbook of Enzymes, vol S3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85699-3_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics