This chapter summarizes the signalling pathways and cellular responses the major wine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has evolved to cope with adverse environmental conditions. These include the general stress response (GSR) resulting in trehalose accumulation, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway producing glycerol as a compatible solute and the cell wall integrity pathway (CWI) to provide surface stability. Physical stresses such as temperature variations and pressure are largely counteracted by activation of the heat shock response (HSR). We further describe the oxidative stress response (OSR), the responses to high ethanol and sulfite concentrations and the effects of nutrient limitations. Both transcriptome and proteome data are considered. Finally, differential responses to short-term stress exposure as opposed to long-term adaptations are discussed, as are the perspectives of the increasing application of systems biology approaches.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aguilera F, Peinado RA, Millán C, Ortega JM, Mauricio JC (2006) Relationship between ethanol tolerance, H + −ATPase activity and the lipid composition of the plasma membrane in different wine yeast strains. Int J Food Microbiol 110:34–42
Aguilera J, Randez-Gil F, Prieto JA (2007) Cold response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: New functions for old mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 31:327–341
Alexandre H, Ansanay-Galeote V, Dequin S, Blondin B (2001) Global gene expression during short-term ethanol stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 498:98–103
Ando A, Nakamura T, Murata Y, Takagi H, Shima J (2007) Identification and classification of genes required for tolerance to freezw-thaw stress revealed by genome-wide screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains. FEMS Yeast Res 7:244–253
Aragon AD, Quinones GA, Thomas EV, Roy S, Werner-Washburne M (2006) Release of extraction-resistant mRNA in stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a massive increase in transcript abundance in response to stress. Genome Biol 7:R9
Aranda A, Jimenez-Marti E, Orozco H, Matallana E, Del Olmo M (2006) Sulfur and adenine metabolisms are linked, and both modulate sulfite resistance in wine yeast. J Agric Food Chem 54:5839–5846
Attfield PV (1997) Stress tolerance: The key to effective strains of industrial baker's yeast. Nat Biotechnol 15:1351–1357
Bermejo C, Rodriguez E, Garcia R, Rodriguez-Pena JM, Rodriguez de la Concepcion ML, Rivas C, Arias P, Nombela C, Posas F, Arroyo J (2008) The sequential activation of the yeast HOG and SLT2 Pathways is Required for Cell Survival to Cell Wall Stress. Mol Biol Cell 19:1113–1124.
Borneman AR, Chambers PJ, Pretorius IS (2007) Yeast systems biology: Modelling the winemak-er's art. Trends Biotechnol 25:349–355
Estruch F (2000) Stress-controlled transcription factors, stress-induced genes and stress tolerance in budding yeast. FEMS Microbiol Rev 24:469–486
Ferguson SB, Anderson ES, Harshaw RB, Thate T, Craig NL, Nelson HC (2005) Protein kinase A regulates constitutive expression of small heat-shock genes in an Msn2/4p-independent and Hsf1p-dependent manner in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 169:1203–1214
Francois J, Parrou JL (2001) Reserve carbohydrates metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cere-visiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 25:125–145
Gancedo C, Flores CL (2004) The importance of a functional trehalose biosynthetic pathway for the life of yeasts and fungi. FEMS Yeast Res 4:351–359
Garay-Arroyo A, Covarrubias AA, Clark I, Nino I, Gosset G, Martinez A (2004) Response to different environmental stress conditions of industrial and laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63:734–741
Gibson BR, Lawrence SJ, Leclaire JP, Powell CD, Smart KA (2007) Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling. FEMS Microbiol Rev 31:535–569
Gray JV, Petsko GA, Johnston GC, Ringe D, Singer RA, Werner-Washburne M (2004) “Sleeping beauty”: Quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68:187–206
Haslbeck M, Miess A, Stromer T, Walter S, Buchner J (2005) Disassembling protein aggregates in the yeast cytosol. The cooperation of Hsp26 with Ssa1 and Hsp104. J Biol Chem 280:23861–23868
Hawle P, Horst D, Bebelman JP, Yang XX, Siderius M, van der Vies SM (2007) Cdc37p is required for stress-induced high-osmolarity glycerol and protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway functionality by interaction with Hog1p and Slt2p (Mpk1p). Eukaryot Cell 6:521–532
Heinisch JJ, Lorberg A, Schmitz HP, Jacoby JJ (1999) The protein kinase C-mediated MAP kinase pathway involved in the maintenance of cellular integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 32:671–680
He XJ, Fassler JS (2005) Identification of novel Yap1p and Skn7p binding sites involved in the oxidative stress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 58:1454–1467
Hohmann S, Krantz M, Nordlander B (2007) Yeast osmoregulation. Methods Enzymol 428:29–45
Ivorra C, Perez-Ortin JE, del Olmo M (1999) An inverse correlation between stress resistance and stuck fermentations in wine yeasts. A molecular study. Biotechnol Bioeng 64:698–708
Izawa S, Kita T, Ikeda K, Miki T, Inoue Y (2007) Formation of cytoplasmic P-bodies in Sake yeast during Japanese Sake brewing and wine making. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:2800–2807
Jacinto E, Lorberg A (2008) TOR regulation of AGC kinases in yeast and mammals. Biochem J 410:19–37
James TC, Usher J, Campbell S, Bond U (2008) Lager yeasts possess dynamic genomes that undergo rearrangements and gene amplification in response to stress. Curr Genet 53:139–152
Kaeberlein M, Burtner CR, Kennedy BK (2007) Recent developments in yeast aging. PLoS Genet 3:e84
Kapteyn JC, ter Riet B, Vink E, Blad S, De Nobel H, Van Den Ende H, Klis FM (2001) Low external pH induces HOG1-dependent changes in the organization of the Saccharomyces cer-evisiae cell wall. Mol Microbiol 39:469–479
Karreman RJ, Dague E, Gaboriaud F, Quiles F, Duval JF, Lindsey GG (2007) The stress response protein Hsp12p increases the flexibility of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall.Biochim Biophys Acta 1774:131–137
Levin DE (2005) Cell wall integrity signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69:262–291
Lillie SH, Pringle JR (1980) Reserve carbohydrate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Responses to nutrient limitation. J Bacteriol 143:1384–1394
Marks VD, Ho Sui SJ, Erasmus D, van der Merwe GK, Brumm J, Wasserman WW, Bryan J, van Vuuren HJ (2008) Dynamics of the yeast transcriptome during wine fermentation reveals a novel fermentation stress response. FEMS Yeast Res 8:35–52
Mollapour M, Piper PW (2006) Hog1p mitogen-activated protein kinase determines acetic acid resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 6:1274–1280
Novo MT, Beltran G, Torija MJ, Poblet M, Rozes N, Guillamon JM, Mas A (2003) Changes inwine yeast storage carbohydrate levels during preadaptation, rehydration and low temperature fermentations. Int J Food Microbiol 86:153–161
Perez-Ortin JE, Querol A, Puig S, Barrio E (2002) Molecular characterization of a chromosomal rearrangement involved in the adaptive evolution of yeast strains. Genome Res 12:1533–1539
Perez-Torrado R, Gimeno-Alcaniz J V, Matallana E (2002) Wine yeast strains engineered for gly-cogen overproduction display enhanced viability under glucose deprivation conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:3339–3344
Pizarro F, Vargas FA, Agosin E (2007) A systems biology perspective of wine fermentations.Yeast 24:977–991
Proft M, Mas G, de Nadal E, Vendrell A, Noriega N, Struhl K, Posas F (2006) The stress-activated Hog1 kinase is a selective transcriptional elongation factor for genes responding to osmotic stress. Mol Cell 23:241–250
Rodicio R, Buchwald U, Schmitz HP, Heinisch JJ (2007) Dissecting sensor functions in cell wall integrity signaling in Kluyveromyces lactis. Fungal Genet Biol: doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2007.07.009
Ruis H, Schuller C (1995) Stress signaling in yeast. Bioessays 17:959–965
Shioya S, Shimizu H, Hirasawa T, Nagahisa K, Furusawa C, Pandey G, Katakura Y (2007) Metabolic pathway recruiting through genomic data analysis for industiral application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Eng J 36:28–37
Singer MA, Lindquist S (1998) Thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Yin and Yang of trehalose. Trends Biotechnol 16:460–468
Straede A, Corran A, Bundy J, Heinisch JJ (2007) The effect of tea tree oil and antifungal agents on a reporter for yeast cell integrity signalling. Yeast 24:321–334
Trabalzini L, Paffetti A, Scaloni A, Talamo F, Ferro E, Coratza G, Bovalini L, Lusini P, Martelli P, Santucci A (2003) Proteomic response to physiological fermentation stresses in a wild-type wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 370:35–46
Treger JM, Magee TR, McEntee K (1998) Functional analysis of the stress response element and its role in the multistress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 243:13–19
Truman AW, Millson SH, Nuttall JM, Mollapour M, Prodromou C, Piper PW (2007) In the yeast heat shock response, Hsf1-directed induction of Hsp90 facilitates the activation of the Slt2 (Mpk1) mitogen-activated protein kinase required for cell integrity. Eukaryot Cell 6:744–752
Varela JC, van Beekvelt C, Planta RJ, Mager WH (1992) Osmostress-induced changes in yeast gene expression. Mol Microbiol 6:2183–2190
Veal EA, Ross SJ, Malakasi P, Peacock E, Morgan BA (2003) Ybp1 is required for the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidation of the Yap1 transcription factor. J Biol Chem 278:30896–30904
Wang L, Renault G, Garreau H, Jacquet M (2004) Stress induces depletion of Cdc25p and decreases the cAMP producing capability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 150:3383–3391
Zuzuarregui A, Monteoliva L, Gil C, del Olmo M (2006) Transcriptomic and proteomic approach for understanding the molecular basis of adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to wine fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:836–847
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heinisch, J.J., Rodicio, R. (2009). Physical and Chemical Stress Factors in Yeast. In: König, H., Unden, G., Fröhlich, J. (eds) Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must and in Wine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85463-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85463-0_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85462-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85463-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)