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Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (TIS)

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The Growing Spine

Abstract

Thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS) is defined as the inability of the thorax to support normal respiratory function and postnatal lung growth in children with skeletal immaturity [6]. It is a purposefully vague term that includes several disorders of the spine, ribs, sternum, and surrounding muscles that restrict lung expansion and normal chest wall excursion. Primary TIS refers to disorders of thoracic and spine structures that directly impair lung function. Secondary TIS includes abnormalities of spine and thoracic structures produced as a result of underlying neuromuscular weakness syndromes. Children with either primary or secondary TIS may have additional pulmonary disease, such as aspiration pneumonias or primary pulmonary hypoplasia, but the functional assessment of breathing in children with TIS presumes that these other pulmonary issues have been optimally treated and that they contribute minimally to the restrictive respiratory disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulmonary Division, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Gregory J. Redding

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  1. Gregory J. Redding
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Correspondence to Gregory J. Redding .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Surgery, San Diego Medical Director, San Diego Center for Spinal Disorders, University of California, 4130 La Jolla, Village Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Behrooz A. Akbarnia MD

  2. Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Muharrem Yazici MD

  3. Pediatric Orthopaedics Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, 11000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-6003, USA

    George H. Thompson MD

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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Redding, G.J. (2011). Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (TIS). In: Akbarnia, B.A., Yazici, M., Thompson, G.H. (eds) The Growing Spine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85207-0_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85207-0_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85206-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85207-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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