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Remote Sensing of Glaciers in Afghanistan and Pakistan

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Global Land Ice Measurements from Space

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Abstract

Glaciers in Afghanistan and Pakistan are parts of an Asian “critical region” having significant roles in rising sea level, local and regional water resources, natural hazards, and geopolitical stability. The two countries lack fundamental and reliable quantitative information regarding glacier fluctuations. As part of the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project, we used satellite imagery and field observations to assess a relatively large number of glaciers in both countries. In Afghanistan, many glaciers have systematically been observed to be retreating and downwasting. Many glaciers have lost significant ice mass and have evolved into numerous smaller individual ice masses. Furthermore, the glaciers around the Kohi Bandakha massif in southern Badakshan Province are significantly more debris covered than other regions in Afghanistan. In Pakistan, the situation is more complex, as many glacier termini are variably stationary, advancing, or retreating. There appears to be a spatial trend with more retreating glaciers in the western Hindu Kush. To the east we observe more advancing glaciers and surging glaciers associated with an increase in precipitation. These observations suggest that glacier response to climate forcing is very different in Pakistan compared with conditions in the central and eastern Himalaya.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Michael P. Bishop

  2. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA

    John F. Shroder Jr.

  3. Water Resources and Glaciology Section, Global Change Impact Studies Center (GCISC), National Center for Physics Complex, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ghazanfar Ali

  4. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Andrew B. G. Bush

  5. Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA

    Umesh K. Haritashya

  6. CAEWRI—National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Rakhshan Roohi

  7. Environmental Geoscience, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia

    Rakhshan Roohi

  8. Department of Geography, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mehmet Akif Sarikaya

  9. Eurasia Institute of Earth Science, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mehmet Akif Sarikaya

  10. Department of Geography, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA

    Brandon J. Weihs

Authors
  1. Michael P. Bishop
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  2. John F. Shroder Jr.
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  3. Ghazanfar Ali
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  4. Andrew B. G. Bush
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  5. Umesh K. Haritashya
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  6. Rakhshan Roohi
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  7. Mehmet Akif Sarikaya
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  8. Brandon J. Weihs
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael P. Bishop .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Arizona Dept. Hydrology & Water Resources, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kargel

  2. Dept. Hydrology and Water Resources, Global Land Ice Measurements from Space University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, USA

    Gregory J. Leonard

  3. Texas A & M University Department of Geography, College Station, Texas, USA

    Michael P. Bishop

  4. University of Oslo Dept. Geosciences, Oslo, Norway

    Andreas Kääb

  5. University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    Bruce H. Raup

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Bishop, M.P. et al. (2014). Remote Sensing of Glaciers in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In: Kargel, J., Leonard, G., Bishop, M., Kääb, A., Raup, B. (eds) Global Land Ice Measurements from Space. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79818-7_23

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