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European Enclosed and Semi-enclosed Seas

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Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 204))

The brackish-water seas of Europe, i.e. the Black (including the Sea of Azov), Caspian and Baltic Seas, can be regarded as “brackish-water islands”, locked in by land masses and isolated from other major brackish-water bodies by physical (ocean and land) barriers. During the last two centuries, more than 300 alien species have been recorded in the four seas. Introduced species have contributed to species diversity and community structure, introduced novel functions and created new interspecific relationships in these seas. Their within-the-sea dispersal has been rapid and effective in all the seas compared, as demonstrated, e.g., by the recent dispersal history of the most successful invaders of American origin.

In all four seas, alien species have become a permanent and exponentially growing problem: they spread with unpredictable consequences, prey on native species or compete with them for food and space, degrade habitats, and alter food webs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akdademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland

    Erkki Leppäkoski

  2. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

    Tamara Shiganova

  3. Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa Branch, Odessa, Ukraine

    Boris Alexandrov

Authors
  1. Erkki Leppäkoski
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  2. Tamara Shiganova
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  3. Boris Alexandrov
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Cordley 3029, Corvallis, OR, 97331-2914, USA

    Gil Rilov

  2. Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Southwest Wetlands, Interpretive Association, 301 Caspian Way, Imperial Beach, CA, 91932, USA

    Jeffrey A. Crooks

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Leppäkoski, E., Shiganova, T., Alexandrov, B. (2009). European Enclosed and Semi-enclosed Seas. In: Rilov, G., Crooks, J.A. (eds) Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems. Ecological Studies, vol 204. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_30

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